Table 3.
Tests of Main Effects for Gender, Victim Intoxication Condition, Perpetrator Intoxication Condition, and Participant BrAC, and Their Interactions on the Steps of Bystander Intervention.2
| Step 1 | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Accuracy of assessing vignette character intoxication | |
| Participant BrAC | F = 2.24, p < .01, ηp2 = .03** |
| Vict Intox | F = 2.25, p < .01, ηp2 = .03** |
| Perp Intox | F = 2.00, p < .01, ηp2 = .03** |
| Participant Gender | F = .17, p = .41, ηp2 < .01. |
| BrAC * Vict Intox | F = .41, p = .52, ηp2 < .01 . |
| BrAC * Perp Intox | F = 1.61, p = .21, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Gender | F = .21, p = .65, ηp2 < .01 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox | F = 10.64, p = .01, ηp2 = .03** |
| Vict Intox * Gender | F = .3, p = .85, ηp2 < .01 |
| Perp Intox * Gender | F = 1.52, p = .22, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Perp Intox | F = .24, p = .63, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Gender | F = .82, p = .37, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Perp Intox * Gender | F = .58, p = .45, ηp2 < .01 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | F = 1.10, p = .30, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | F = .24, p = .63, ηp2 < .01 |
| Step 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Perceived Danger of Victim | Perceived Discomfort of Victim | Perceived Need to Get Involved | |
| Participant BrAC | B = 2.74, SE = 1.76, p = .12 | B = 4.87, SE = 1.82, p < .01** | B = 2.19, SE = 1.91, p = .25 |
| Vict Intox | B = −.28, SE = .16, p = .08 | B = .24, SE = .16, p = .14 | B = −.35, SE = .17, p = .04* |
| Perp Intox | B = .02, SE = .16, p = .89 | B = −.08, SE = .16, p = .61 | B = .30, SE = .17, p = .08 |
| Participant Gender | B = .07, SE = .16, p = .64 | B = −.09, SE = .16, p = .58 | B = −0.01, SE = .17, p = .94 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox | B = 3.85, SE = 7.08, p = .59 | B = −5.36, SE = 7.41, p = .47 | B = −6.32, SE = 7.92, p = .43 |
| BrAC * Perp Intox | B = −12.68, SE = 7.88, p = .11 | B = −5.93, SE = 7.97, p = .46 | B = −4.98, SE = 7.89, p = .53 |
| BrAC * Gender | B = −6.29, SE = 6.79, p = .35 | B = −8.13, SE = 7.39, p = .27 | B = −9.42, SE = 7.42, p = .21 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox | B = −.12, SE = .74, p = .87 | B = −.64, SE = .77, p = .41 | B = −.46, SE = .79, p = .57 |
| Vict Intox * Gender | B = −.39, SE = .71, p = .58 | B = −.90, SE = .73, p = .21 | B = −.22, SE = .75, p = .77 |
| Perp Intox * Gender | B = −.99, SE = .69, p = .15 | B = −1.37, SE = .80, p = .09 | B = −.29, SE = .74, p = .70 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Perp Intox | B = 4.29, SE = 10.32, p = .68 | B = 3.70, SE = 10.42, p = .72 | B = 12.78, SE = 10.91, p = .24 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Gender | B = −1.13, SE = 9.68, p = .91 | B = 8.07, SE = 10.04, p = .42 | B = 3.27, SE = 10.93, p = .77 |
| BrAC * Perp Intox * Gender | B = 18.34, SE = 10.10, p = .07 | B = 13.89, SE = 10.86, p = .20 | B = 6.32, SE = 10.64, p = .55 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | B = .11, SE = 1.04, p = .91 | B = 1.16, SE = 1.09, p = .29 | B = −.33, SE = 1.10, p = .76 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | B = −4.45, SE = 14.23, p = .75 | B = −7.56, SE = 14.69, p = .61 | B = 1.72, SE = 15.37, p = .91 |
| Step 3 | Step 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Personal Responsibility to Intervene | Selected Action+ | Confidence to Enact Chosen Strategy | |
| Participant BrAC | F = 0.95, p = .33, ηp2 < .01 | aB = 1.53, SE = 4.80, p = .75; | F = .01, p = .92, ηp2 < .01 |
| bB = 1.11, SE = 4.64, p = .96 | |||
| Vict Intox Condition | F = 3.43, p = .07, η p2 = .01 | aB = −0.00, SE = .42, p = .99; | F = .01, p = .91, ηp2 < .01 |
| bB = 0.02, SE = .40, p = .96 | |||
| Perp Intox Condition | F = 3.18, p = .08, ηp2 = .01 | aB = 0.25, SE = .42, p = .35; | F = .58, p = .45, ηp2 < .01 |
| bB = 0.33, SE = .40, p = .66 | |||
| Participant Gender | F = .10, p = .32, ηp2 < .01 | aB = −0.35, SE = .43, p = .81; | F = .94, p = .33, ηp2 < .01 |
| F = .69, p = .41, ηp2 < .01 | bB = .59, SE = .41, p = .15 | F = .33, p = .57, ηp2 < .01 | |
| BrAC * Vict Intox | -- | ||
| BrAC * Perp Intox | F = .27, p = .61, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .30, p = .58, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Gender | F = 2.14, p = .14, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = 2.55, p = .11, ηp2 < .01 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox | F = 1.31, p = .25, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .89, p = .35, ηp2 < .01 |
| Vict Intox * Gender | F = .34, p = .56, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .19, p = .67, ηp2 < .01 |
| Perp Intox * Gender | F = .06, p = .81, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .01, p = .93, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Perp Intox | F = 2.09, p = .15, ηp2 = .01 | -- | F = 3.38, p = .07, ηp2 = .01 |
| BrAC * Vict Intox * Gender | F = .05, p = .83, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .69, p = .41, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Perp Intox * Gender | F = .44, p = .51, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = 1.33, p = .25, ηp2 < .01 |
| Vict Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | F = .04, p = .84, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .05, p = .83, ηp2 < .01 |
| BrAC * Vic Intox * Perp Intox * Gender | F = .01, p = .91, ηp2 < .01 | -- | F = .84, p = .36, ηp2 < .01 |
Note: Vic Intox = Victim Intoxication Condition; Perp Intox = Perpetrator Intoxication
+
Multinomial regression results
a
Represents comparison of “do something” responses to reference group (“indirect intervention” responses)
b
Represents comparison of “say something” responses to reference group (indirect intervention; (i.e., tell others, draw others’ attention, and call the police