Table 1.
Summary of recent and ongoing malaria vaccine clinical trials.
| Vaccine | Dosage | Phase; trial no. | Population | Outcome; follow-up | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccines targeting sporozoites | |||||
| PfSPZ | 3 doses of 9×105 | 1; NCT02613520 | 18–45 years, Tanzania (n = 5) | 100% efficacy against CHMI at 23–79 days | 1 |
| 3 doses of 9 × 105 | 1; NCT02687373 | 5–12 months, Kenya (n = 8) | Safe and immunogenic over 29 days | 2 | |
| PfSPZ-CVac | 2 doses of 2 × 105 with chloroquine | 1; NCT03083847 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 6) | 100% efficacy against CHMI at 3 months | 3 |
| GAP3KO | Bites from 200 infected mosquitoes | 1; NCT03168854 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 16) | Vaccine efficacy pending (unpublished) | NA |
| RTS,S | 3 doses of 25 µg | 3; NCT00866619 | 5–17 months, multiple African sites (n = 4296) | 56% efficacy against first or only malaria episode over 12 months | 4 |
| 2 doses of 50 µg, 1 delayed dose of 10 µg | 2; NCT01857869 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 30) | 87% efficacy against CHMI at 3 weeks | 5 | |
| 2 doses of 25 µg, 1 delayed dose of 5 µg | 2; NCT03276962 | 5–17 months; Ghana and Kenya | Vaccine efficacy pending (unpublished) | NA | |
| RTS,S with seasonal malaria chemoprevention | 3; NCT03143218 | 5–17 months; Burkina Faso and Mali | Vaccine efficacy pending (unpublished) | NA | |
| R21 | 3 doses of 5 µg | 2; NCT03896724 | 5–17 months; Burkina Faso (n = 146) | 71–76% efficacy against at least one malaria episode over 12 months (depending on adjuvant dosage) | 6 |
| 3 doses of 5 µg | 3; NCT04704830 | 5–36 months; multiple African sites | Vaccine efficacy pending (unpublished) | NA | |
| Vaccines targeting blood stages | |||||
| RH5.1 | 3 doses of 10 µg | 2; NCT02927145 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 14) | 1-day delay in parasitemia following CHMI at 14 days | 8 |
| Dose escalation study | 1; NCT04318002 | 5–17 months, 18–45 years, Tanzania | Vaccine safety and immunogenicity pending (unpublished) | NA | |
| PAMVAC | 3 doses of 50 µg | 1; NCT02647489 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 27) | Safe and immunogenic over 6 months | 11 |
| PRIMVAC | 3 doses of 100 µg | 1; NCT02658253 | Burkina Faso (n = 20) | Safe and immunogenic over 35 days | 12 |
| Transmission-blocking vaccines | |||||
| Pfs230D1M | 2 doses of 40 µg | 1; NCT02334462 | Malaria-naive adults (n = 5) | Safe and immunogenic over 56 days | 13 |
| 3 doses of 40 µg | 2; NCT03917654 | 1 year and older; Mali | Vaccine efficacy pending (unpublished) | NA | |
Table summarizes the vaccine dosage, population, and outcomes from recent and ongoing clinical trials. Note that this is not a comprehensive list of all completed or ongoing malaria vaccine trials. Not all vaccine groups and results from each trial are included in the table. For full details, refer to the referenced publications. NA not available, CHMI controlled human malaria infection.