Comparison of different hybrid materials fabricated by pillararenes, graphene and other compositions via diverse driving forces for various applications.

Hybrid materials	Pillararenes	Graphene	Other compositions	Driving forces	Applications	Ref.
RGO–AP5–AuNPs	X1	RGO	Gold nanoparticles	Amido bond/π–π stacking interactions	Sensing	19
X2-GO/X3-GO	X2/X3	RGO	—	Hydrogen bonding	Biomedicines	20
MoS2/RGO(X4)	X4	RGO	MoS2	Electrostatic interactions	Lithium storage	22
RGO-CP5	X5	RGO	—	Ester bonds	Fluorescence sensing	23
HP-G	X6	RGO	—	Covalent bonds	Biosensor for Y1–Y5 with Y6 as the probe	24
RGO-P5A	X7	RGO	—	Covalent bonds	Sensing	25
MoS2/RGO-NP	X8	RGO	MoS2	Electrostatic interactions	Electrocatalyst	26
AmPA5-RGO	X1	RGO	—	π–π stacking and electrostatic interactions	Sensing	27
MoS2/RGO(X8)	X8	RGO		Electrostatic interactions	Lithium storage	28
GO@(H+˙X9)Y7	H+˙X9	GO	—	π–π stacking and host–guest interactions	Biomedicines	29
PCP6-RGO	X10	RGO	—	Electrostatic interactions	Sensing	30
CP5-RGO	X11	RGO	—	Electrostatic interactions	Sensing	31 and 32
(H+˙X9)@RGO	H+˙X9	RGO	—	Electrostatic interactions	Biomedicines	33