Fig 1. Map of rivers and watersheds represented by scientists that convened to develop a conceptual model that depicts how natural and anthropogenic drivers interact with habitats, biological systems, and fish in large rivers.

River segments where we conducted case studies that applied the conceptual model to identify monitoring information needs associated with management goals are highlighted in red. Data used: 1:2,000,000-Scale Hydrologic Unit Boundaries–source: U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. States (Generalized), U.S. Rivers (Generalized) 2005, U.S. Lakes (Generalized) 2005, and World Countries 2005 –source: ESRI.