Table 1.

Summary of included clinical trials

Author, year	Study method, sample size	Sample size	Sample characteristics	Time point for measuring key outcomes	Result for efficacy outcomes	Result for safety outcomes
Belova et al., 2017	Open- label RCT	100 and 64 in vinpocetine and control arm, respectively	Acute arterial ischemic stroke cases within 14 days of onset of stroke randomized to adjunctive Cavinton R group and basic therapy only group. Cavinton R was used intravenously for 10 days followed by Cavinton R comforte in dosagee 10 mg, 1 tablet three3 times a day during 90 days	NIHSS, Rankin, Barthel, MoCA, MMSE, Rivermead mobility index, Beck depression scale, and HADS at 1 months and 3 months after starting vinpocetine	Higher scores on NIHSS, Rankin, Barthel, MoCA, MMSE, Rivermead mobility index were found in the vinpocetineVinpocetine group compared withto the controls. There were no differences in scores on the Beck depression scale and HADS A decrease in Young’'s modulus was found in the main group, whereashile in the control group this index remained unchanged	There were no SAEs
Zhang et al., 2016	Open- label, multicenterric RCT	469 and 141 cases in vinpocetine and control group, respectively	Within 72 h of stroke onset, received either vinpocetine 30 mg intravenously once daily for 7 days, along with standard care or standard care alone (anti-platelets, -aspirin, clopidogrel)	MMSE, NIHSS, modified Rankin, Barthel Index at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months	MMSE, NIHSS, and Barthel IndexBI scores were significantly higher in the vinpocetine group than in the control group 3 months after treatment, indicating significantly improved cognitive skill, neurological function, and quality of life (QOL) in the vinpocetine group versus the control group	No significant difference in safety was noted between the two groups
Feigin et al., 2001	Double- blind, placebo controlled RCT	30 (15 in each group)	Within 72 h of CT‐verified acute ischemicaemic stroke, received either IV low‐molecular‐weight dextran alone (3 g in 250 ml of isotonic saline) in the control group, or in combination with 10 mg IViv vinpocetine for 5 to 7 days, followed by oral vinpocetine 3 ×  × 10 mg in the treatment group for 90 days		An relative risk (RR) reduction of poor outcome at 3 months follow-up was 30% (RR = 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–3.4), as defined by the modified Barthel Index, and 60% as defined by the modified Rankin score (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1–1.7). The National Institute of Health (NIHS–NINDS) Stroke Scale score was marginally significantly better in the vinpocetine-treated group at 3 months of follow-up (pP = 0.05, ANOVA)	No significant adverse effects were seen
Werner et al., 1986	Double- blind, placebo controlled RCT	40 (20 in each group)	Within 48 h of stroke onset. the participants got either placebo or 40 mg of vinpocetine in a 200 ml dextran intravenous infusion for 3three weeks	Modified Rankin scale, MMSE, self-assessment by visual analoganalogue scale, clinical global impression at 1 month	Total 8 and 12 patients had a significant disability at 1 month, but no patients died in any group. Total seven7 patients were lost to follow-up up in both groups	No significant adverse effects were observed

ANOVA, analysis of variance, CI, confidence interval, CT, computed tomography, HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, IV, intravenous, MMSE, mini-mental state examination, MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, QOL, quality of life, RCT, randomized controlled trials, RR, relative risk, SAE, serious adverse event