Organic and inorganic assemblies used for the catalytic reduction of 4-NA.

Assemblies	Nanocatalytic assembly				Pollutant	Recyclability	Catalytic reduction of 4-NA			Ref.
	Nanomaterial	Fabrication medium	Reductant/oxidant	Diameter (nm)			Reductant	Solvent	Reaction settings
Organic	Ag	Polyoxymethylene/poly(l-lactide) (POM/PLLA) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs)	1,6-Hexanediamine/2 propanol	7.6 ± 2.5	4-NA	4	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = —; [4-NA] = 0.15 × 10−3 M; [NaBH4] = 15 × 10−3 M	72
Organic	Os	DNA	Ethanol	1.5 ± 0.2	4-NA, 2-NA, 4-NP, 2-NP and MB	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 10 μL, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−1 M	73
Organic	Pt	Peptide bolaamphiphiles	Phosphate buffer	1–3	4-NA	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 1 × 10−2 M, [4-NA] = 5 mg, [NaBH4] = 6 mg	66
Organic	Ni	Starch	Fe3O4	20–50	4-NA, 2-NA, 3-NA, 2-NT, 3-NT, 4-NT, 2-NP, 3-NP, 4-NP, 2-NBA, 3-NBA, 4-NBA, and other nitroaromatics	3	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 12 mg, [4-NA] = 3.62 ×10−2 M [NaBH4] = 1.44 × 10−3 M	74
Organic	Ag	Polyurethane/keratin nanofibrous mats	Hexafluoro-2-isopropanol (HFIP) and electro-spinning	70	4-NA	5	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 0.025 g mL−1, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 5 × 10−2 M	75
Inorganic	MnO	Iron oxide Fe3O4	Perilla frutescens leaf extract solution	0.67	4-NA, RhB	5	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 2 mg mL−1, [4-NA] = 25 × 10−6 M, [NaBH4] = 2 × 10−1 M	76
Organic	Pt–Ni	Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle	N2H4	19 ± 3	4-NP, 2-NP, 4-NA, 4-AP	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 4.0 μg, [4-NA] = 8.5 × 10−5 M, [NaBH4] = 1.2 × 10−2 M	77
Inorganic	CuNi	Co3O4	Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and NaBH4	19 ± 3	4-NP, 4-NA, 3-NA, 4-NT, 2-NA	6	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 2.0 mg, [4-NA] = 2 × 10−3 M L−1, [NaBH4] = 2 × 10−2 M L−1	78
Inorganic	Ag	Fe3O4 nanocubes, silica	Ultrasonication, high temperature and pressure	10–20	4-NA	15	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 1 × 10−3 M, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−2 M	31
Organic	Au	Amphiphilic pillararene	Ascorbic acid	6.5 ± 1.4	4-NA	20	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = —, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−4 M L−1, [NaBH4] = 8 × 10−3 M	79
Organic	Au	Mesoporous carbon	Ammonia solution	>5	2-NP, 4-NP, 2-NA, 4-NA	10	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 8.5 × 10−5 g, [4-NA] = 5 × 10−4 M, [NaBH4] = 8 × 10−2 M	38
Inorganic	Ag	Silicon	Hydrofluoric acid	—	4-NA	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = —, [4-NA] = 12 × 10−4 M, [NaBH4] = 100 mg	37
Inorganic	Ag	Alumina	Quantum clusters and vacuum drying		4-NP, 4-NA	5	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 50 mg, [4-NA] = 7 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 160 × 10−3 M	56
Inorganic	Au	Graphene oxide	Microwave heating	50–350	4-NA	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 600 μL, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−1 M	71
Inorganic	Ag	Reduced graphene oxide	Abelmoschus esculentus vegetable	92	4-NA	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 10 μg, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−4 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−2 M	52
Organic	Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn	Polyaniline	NaBH4	4–10	4-NA	5	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 1 × 10−5 M, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 5 × 10−3 M	47
Organic	Au	Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)	Microwave heating	22 ± 1.2	4-NA	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = —, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−2 M	57
Organic	Au	1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide	Ascorbic acid, HNO3	24.9 ± 3.6	4-NA, 4-NP	—	KBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 300 μL, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [KBH4] = 1 × 10−1 M	30
Organic	Cu, Co, Ag	Chitosan	NaBH4	5	4-NA, 4-NP, RhB	—	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 10 μL, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−2 M	69
Organic	Au–Pd	Reduced graphene oxide	Ultra-sonication and NaBH4	5–15	4-NA	4	NaBH4	Aqueous solution	[Catalyst] = 10 μL, [4-NA] = 1 × 10−3 M, [NaBH4] = 1 × 10−2 M	80