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. 2022 Apr 29;38(1):181–191. doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05588-0

Table 1.

Demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 according to presence of kidney diseases (n = 21,591)

Overall (%)
21,591 (100)		 Non-kidney disease cohort (%)
21,301 (98.7)		 Kidney disease cohort (%)
290 (1.3)		 P
Age (years)

  Median (Interquartile range)

  Mean (SD)

4.7 (0.8–14.6)

7.4 (7.0)

4.6 (0.8–14.5)

7.4 (7.0)

10.7 (3.7–16.3)

10.3 (6.4)

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001
Age group (years)

  0.0–9.9

  10–19.9

13,856 (64.2)

7735 (35.8)

13,719 (64.4)

7582 (35.6)

137 (47.2)

153 (52.8)

  < 0.0001
Gender (n = 21,573)

  Female

  Male

10,411 (48.3)

11,162 (51.7)

10,267 (48.2)

11,016 (51.8)

144 (49.7)

146 (50.3)

 0.63
Wave

  First

  Second

11,574 (53.6)

10,017 (46.4)

11,395 (53.5)

9906 (46.5)

179 (61.7)

111 (38.3)

 0.005
Region

  Southeast

  South

  Central-West

  Northeast

  North

8075 (37.4)

2204 (10.2)

2293 (10.6)

5748 (26.6)

3271 (15.1)

7949 (37.3)

2177 (10.2)

2268 (10.6)

5669 (26.6)

3238 (15.2)

126 (43.4)

27 (9.3)

25 (8.6)

79 (27.2)

33 (11.4)

 0.13
Ethinicity

  White

  Black/Brown

  Asian

  Indigenous

8047 (37.2)

13,107 (60.7)

181 (0.84)

256 (1.2)

7933 (37.2)

12,934 (60.7)

179 (0.84)

255 (1.2)

114 (39.3)

173 (59.7)

2 (0.70)

1 (0.30)

 0.53
Signs and symptoms at baseline

  Fever

  Cough

  Respiratory distress

  Oxygen saturation < 95%

  Dyspnea

  Odynophagia

  Diarrhea

  Vomit

  Abdominal pain

14,140 (65.5)

12,971 (60.1)

9733 (45.1)

9580 (44.4)

10,470 (48.5)

3590 (16.6)

3187 (14.8)

3629 (16.8)

1454 (6.7)

13,966 (65.6)

12,826 (60.2)

6993 (42.5)

6674 (40.6)

7472 (45.4)

2859 (17.4)

2524 (15.4)

2804 (17.1)

1129 (6.9)

174 (60.0)

145 (50.0)

126 (43.4)

136 (46.9)

136 (46.9)

38 (13.1)

53 (18.3)

52 (17.9)

19 (6.6)

0.053

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.15

0.38
Number of comorbidities

  None

  1

  2

   > 3

16,441 (76.2)

4313 (20.0)

693 (3.2)

144 (0.67)

16,441 (77.2)

4165 (19.5)

599 (2.8)

96 (0.45)

0 (0.0)

148 (51.0)

94 (32.4)

48 (16.6)

  < 0.0001
ICU admission (n = 19,867)

  Yes

  No

5243 (26.4)

14,624 (73.6)

5123 (24.1)

14,472 (75.9)

120 (45.1)

152 (55.9)

  < 0.0001
Ventilatory support (n = 20,396)

  None

  Non-invasive

  Invasive

11,272 (55.3)

6994 (34.3)

2130 (10;4)

11,145 (52.3)

6909 (32.4)

2067 (9.7)

127 (46.2)

85 (30.9)

63 (23.4)

  < 0.0001
Death

  Yes

  No

1661 (7.7)

19,930 (92.3)

1602 (7.5)

19,699 (92.5)

59 (20.3)

231 (79.7)

  < 0.0001