Table 2.
Demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of children and adolescents with kidney diseases and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (n = 290)
| Overall (%) 290 (100) |
Nephrotic syndrome 25 (8.6) |
KTRs (%) 25 (8.6) |
CAKUT (%) 12 (4.1) |
CKD (%) 81 (27.9) |
Non-specified (%) 147 (50.7) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||||
|
Median (Interquartile range) Mean (SD) |
10.7 (3.7–16.4) 10.3 (6.5) |
10.1 (3.1–16.1) 10.0 (6.5) |
14.4 (10.4–17.5) 14.0 (4.4) |
2.2 (0.9–10.9) 6.1 (6.5) |
7.2 (1.1–15.3) 8.3 (6.9) |
12.0 (6.0–12.5) 11.2 (6.1) |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
| Age group (years) | |||||||
|
0.0–1.9 2.0–9.9 10–19.9 |
48 (16.6) 89 (30.7) 153 (52.8) |
4 (16.0) 8 (32.0) 13 (52.0) |
0 (0.0) 5 (20.0) 20 (80.0) |
5 (41.7) 4 (33.3) 3 (25.0) |
26 (32.1) 22 (27.2) 33 (40.7) |
13 (8.8) 50 (34.0) 84 (57.1) |
< 0.001 |
| Gender (n = 21,573) | |||||||
|
Female Male |
144 (49.7) 146 (50.3) |
12 (48) 13 (52) |
18 (72) 7 (28) |
3 (25) 9 (75) |
40 (49.4) 41 (50.6) |
71 (48.3) 76 (51.7) |
0.09 |
| Wave | |||||||
|
First Second |
179 (61.7) 111 (38.3) |
14 (56) 11 (44) |
15 (60) 10 (40) |
9 (75) 3 (25) |
48 (59.3) 33 (40.7) |
93 (63.3) 54 (36.7) |
0.80 |
| Region | |||||||
|
Southeast South Central-West Northeast North |
126 (43.4) 27 (9.3) 25 (8.6) 79 (27.2) 33 (11.4) |
9 (36) 3 (12) 3 (12) 6 (24) 4 (16) |
20 (80) 1 (4) 2 (8) 2 (8) 0 (0) |
4 (33.3) 1 (8.3) 2 (16.7) 4 (33.3) 1 (8.3) |
36 (44.4) 3 (3.7) 7 (8.6) 26 (32.0) 9 (11.1) |
57 (38.8) 19 (12.9) 11 (7.5) 41 (27.9) 19 (12.9) |
0.08 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
|
White Non-White |
114 (39.3) 176 (60.7) |
10 (40.0) 15 (60.0) |
18 (72.0) 7 (28.0) |
8 (66.7) 4 (33.3) |
25 (30.9) 56 (69.1) |
53 (36.0) 94 (63.4) |
0.001 |
| Signs and symptoms at baseline | |||||||
|
Fever Cough Respiratory distress Dyspnea Oxygen saturation < 95% Odynophagia Diarrhea Vomit Abdominal pain |
174 (60.0) 145 (50.0) 126 (43.4) 136 (46.9) 136 (46.9) 38 (13.1) 53 (18.3) 52 (17.9) 19 (6.6) |
15 (60) 15 (60) 9 (36) 11 (44.0) 13 (52.0) 3 (12.0) 5 (20.0) 2 (8.0) 2 (8.0) |
17 (68.0) 9 (36.0) 2 (8.0) 6 (24.0) 9 (36.0) 2 (8.0) 5 (20.0) 6 (24.0) 3 (12.0) |
9 (75.0) 6 (50.0) 5 (41.7) 6 (50.0) 4 (33.3) 1 (8.3) 7 (58.3) 3 (25.0) 0 (0.0) |
59 (72.8) 36 (44.4) 43 (53.1) 40 (49.4) 40 (49.4) 10 (12.3) 11 (13.6) 18 (22.2) 8 (9.9) |
74 (50.3) 79 (53.7) 67(45.6) 73 (49.7) 70 (47.6) 22 (15.0) 25 (17.0) 23 (15.6) 6 (4.1) |
0.011 0.31 0.002 0.196 0.632 0.857 0.006 0.374 0.281 |
| Number of comorbidities | |||||||
|
1 2 3 |
148 (51.0) 94 (32.4) 48 (16.6) |
19 (76.0) 4 (16.0) 2 (8.0) |
1 (4.0) 10 (40.0) 14 (56.0) |
10 (83.3) 1 (8.3) 1 (8.3) |
46 (56.8) 17 (21.0) 18 (22.2) |
72 (49.0) 62 (42.2) 13 (8.8) |
0.001 |
| ICU admission (n = 272) | |||||||
|
Yes No |
120 (44.1) 152 (55.9) |
10 (41.7) 14 (58.3) |
9 (36.0) 16 (64.0) |
3 (27.3) 8 (72.7) |
41 (55.4) 33 (44.6) |
57 (41.3) 81 (58.7) |
0.14 |
| Ventilatory support (n = 275) | |||||||
|
None Non-invasive Invasive |
127 (46.2) 85 (30.9) 63 (22.9) |
7 (31.8) 10 (45.5) 5 (22.7) |
14 (58.3) 7 (29.2) 3 (12.5) |
7 (58.3) 4 (33.3) 1 (8.3) |
27 (35.1) 20 (26.0) 30 (39.0) |
72 (51.4) 44 (31.4) 24 (17.1) |
0.01 |
| Death | |||||||
|
Yes No |
59 (20.3) 231 (79.7) |
7 (28.0) 18 (72.0) |
3 (12.0) 22 (88.0) |
0 (0.0) 12 (100.0) |
25 (30.9) 56 (69.1) |
24 (16.3) 123 (83.7) |
0.017 |
KTR kidney transplant recipients, CAKUT congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract, CKD chronic kidney disease