Table 1.

Main differences between quiescent and activated PSCs

Quiescent PSCs	Activated PSCs
Rich in vitamin A droplets	Loss of vitamin A containing droplets
Alpha SMA negativity	Alpha SMA positivity
Low ability to proliferate and migrate	High migration and proliferation activity
Balanced ECM turnover (low MMP, higher TIMPs)	High ECM production (high MMP, low TIMPs)

Abbreviations: PSCs – pancreatic stellate cells; SMA – smooth muscle actin; ECM – extracellular matrix; MMP – matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP – tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Modified from: Wu Y et al. (2021) and Jin G et al. (2020).