Skip to main content
. 2021 Dec 30;70(Suppl 4):S567–S583. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934767

Table 2.

Risk factors for aspiration syndromes

ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  • Sedation

  • Traumatic brain injury

  • Encephalopathy

  • Seizure disorder

  • Poisoning

  • Alcohol/drug intoxication

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

  • Gastroesophageal reflux

  • Gastroparesis

  • Bowel obstruction/ileus

  • Oesophagal motility disorders

  • - Prim: Achalasia, Esophageal stricture

  • - Sec: Scleroderma, Polymyositis

COMPROMISED GAG REFLEX

  • Presence of endotracheal intubation

  • Bulbar paralysis

  • Enteral tube feeding

DYSPHAGIA/SWALLOWING DYSFUNCTION

  • Stroke

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • Dementia

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBESITY
LABOUR