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. 2020 Jun 4;10(36):21561–21581. doi: 10.1039/d0ra03672b

Selected applications of CPEs in biological species and pharmaceuticals compounds analysis using DPV.

Analyte Modifier Linear range Detection limit Ref.
Glutathione Trichloro(terpyridine)ruthenium(iii)/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (TChPRu-MWCNT) 0.6–56.8 μM 0.3 μM 122
Gallic acid SiO2 nanoparticles 8.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−4 M 2.5 × 10−7 M 127
Gallic acid Zirconia nanoparticles/choline chloride/gold nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs–ChCl–AuNPs) 0.22–55 μM 25 nM 128
Gallic acid TiO2 NPs 2.5 × 10−6 to 1.5 × 10−4 M 9.4 × 10−7 M 129
Citric acid MIL-101(Fe) 5.0 to 100 μM 4.0 μM 130
Dopamine N,N′(2,3-Dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,4-phenylenediamine (DHBPD) and TiO2 nanoparticles 0.08–20.0 μM 3.14 × 10−8 M 138
Dopamine Graphene oxide (GO)/lanthanum (La) complex 0.01–400.0 μM 0.32 nM 139
Epinephrine Carbon nanotube (CNT)/molybdenum(vi) complex (MC) 0.09 to 750.0 μM 49 nM 141
Epinephrine Hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide [MBIDZ]Br/carbon nanotube (CNT) 0.3–450 μM 0.09 μM 142
Epinephrine Graphene oxide (GO)/2-(5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]thiazine-4-one (EDDPT) 1.5–600.0 μM 0.65 μM 143
Epinephrine 2,2′-[1,2-Butanediylbis(nitriloethylidyne)]-bishydroquinone (BBNBH)/TiO2 nanoparticles 1.0–600.0 μM 0.2 μM 144
Epinephrine ZrO2 nanoparticles 2.0 × 10−7 to 2.2 × 10−3 M 9.5 × 10−8 M 145
Norepinephrine ZrO2 nanoparticles 1.0 × 10−7 to 2.0 × 10−3 M 8.95 × 10−8 M 147
Norepinephrine Ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FCD)/carbon nanotube(CNT) 0.03–500.0 μM 22.0 nM 148
Norepinephrine 2,2′-[1,2-Ethanediylbis (nitriloethylidyne)]-bis-hydroquinone (EBNBH)/carbon nanotube(CNT) 0.1–1100.0 μM 8.2 × 10−8 M 149
Levodopa Polyglycine/zinc oxide nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes PG/ZnO/MWCNTs 5.0–500.0 μM 0.08 μM 150
Levodopa 2,7-Bis(ferrocenylethyl)fluoren-9-one (2,7-BF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) 0.1–700.0 μM 58 nM 151
l-Cysteine MgO nanoparticle/acetylferrocene (AF) 0.1–700.0 μM 30.0 nM 159
Arginine CdSe quantum dot (QD)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) 0.287 to 33 670 μM 0.081 μM 160
Alanine 0.158 μM
Methionine 0.094 μM
Cysteine 0.116 μM
Tryptophan Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) 0.05–600 μM 1.13 × 10−8 M 163
Tyrosine 0.3–600.0 μM 4.97 × 10−8 M
Tryptophan ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles 0.1–200.0 μM 0.04 μM 164
Tyrosine 0.4–175.0 μM 0.10 μM
Melatonin SnO2–Co3O4@rGO nanocomposite/ionic liuid (SnO2–Co3O4@rGO/IL) 0.02–6.00 μM 4.1 nM 165
Tryptophan 4.1–3.2 nM 3.2 nM
Isoproterenol Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate ([C4mim]-[PF6])) (IL) 1.0–520 μM 0.85 μM 167
Isoproterenol 1-(4-Bromobenzyl)-4-ferrocenyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazole (1,4-BBFT)/hydrophilic ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate)/graphene (1,4-BBFT/IL/G) 6.0 × 10−8 to 7.0 × 10−4 M 12.0 nM 169
Isoproterenol Ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid (FMA)/carbon nanotube (CNT) 0.5–50.0 μM 0.2 μM 170
Isoproterenol 2,7-Bis(ferrocenyl ethyl)fluoren-9-one (2,7-BF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) 0.08–700.5 μM 26.0 ± 2 nM 171
Buprenorphine Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)/nanoparticles multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 1 nM to 50 μM 0.6 nM 174
Acetaminophen Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs) 6.5–135 μM 0.4 μM 175
Epinephrine 5–100 μM 0.7 μM
Melatonin 6.5–145 μM 3.0 μM
Melatonin Al2O3-supported palladium nanoparticles 6.0 nM to 1.4 mM 21.6 nM 176
Dopamine 50 nM to 1.45 mM 36.5 nM
Acetaminophen 40 nM to 1.4 mM 36.5 nM