Selected applications of CPEs in biological species and pharmaceuticals compounds analysis using CHA, amperometry and LSV.
| Analyte | Modifier | Electrochemical method | Linear range | Detection limit | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascorbic acid | 4-Aminobenzoic acid/herringbone carbon nanotubes (4ABA–hCNTs) | CHA | 0.065–1000.0 μM | 0.065 μM | 126 |
| Selegiline | Nickel nanoparticles | Amperometry | 5 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 | 4.0 × 10−6 M | 137 |
| Pramipexole | 5 × 10−8 to 1 × 10−6 | 4.5 × 10−8 M | |||
| l-Cysteine | Y2O3 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) | Amperometry | 1.3 to 720 μM | 0.8 μM | 158 |
| Tyrosine | Glycine polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) | LSV | 0.2–400 μM | 0.07 μM | 162 |