3D printing of other biomass composites.

Species	Printing methods	Contents	Form of products	Applications	Other materials	Ref.
Starch	DIW (with mixing channel before the nozzle)	7 wt%	Hydrogel	Customized healthy food	Water, bovine gelatin, sucrose, egg white protein	116
Potato starch and Nostoc sphaeroides	3D food printing (DIW)	Potato starch (<0.48 wt%), Nostoc sphaeroides and the derivative (4.8 wt%)	Hydrogel	Food printing	Water	117
Starches (potato, rice, and corn)	Hot-extrusion 3D printing	<30 wt%	Hydrogel	Food printing		118
Mashed potatoes and potato starch	3D food printing	Mashed potato < 85 wt%; potato starch 15 wt%		Food printing	Trehalose	119
Potato, wheat and corn starch	High-temperature food printing	20 wt%		Food printing	Water	120
Potato starch and pea protein	3D food printing	Potato starch > 92 wt%; pea protein < 8 wt%		Food printing	Water	127
Pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)		Starch 46 wt%; MCC 5 wt%	Bulk	Drug and medicine	Warfarin sodium, d-sucrose, povidone K30, silicon dioxide	122
Starch	DIW	Starch 71 wt%–75 wt%		Supporting materials in ceramic 3D printing	Polyvinylpyrrolidone	123
Thermal plastic starch	FDM	30 wt%	Bulk		Plasticizers; compatibilizer, impact modifier	124
Spirulina platensis, Tetraselmis suecica and lignin	DIW	<3 wt%	Bulk	Cementitious construction	Metakaolin, alkaline activator, bentonite	126
Corn starch/CA (SCA)	FDM	50 : 50	Bulk	Medical devices		125