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. 2021 Nov 5;27(2):929–938. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01318-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Experimental design. b The mean (± standard error of the mean [SEM]) escape latency in seconds (s) to the platform during acquisition is plotted against days. Compared with +/+ mice, +/− mice exhibited delayed acquisition (Genotype, F(1,26) = 4.643, p = 0.041, ∗[; Day, F(4,104) = 55.490, p < 0.001; Genotype × Day, F(4,104) = 2.329, p = 0.061). The overall genotype effect was primarily due to robust differences on Day 2 (*, p < 0.05) and Day 3 (**, p < 0.01), as determined by Newman–Keuls post hoc tests. +/+, n = 14; +/–, n = 14. c Representative swim paths of a +/+ mouse and +/− mouse on the third training day. The target quadrant included the hidden platform. d The mean (± SEM) time spent during recall probe tests before training on Day 4 (left) and Day 8 (right). Regardless of the quadrant, there were between-genotype differences on Day 4 (Genotype, F(1,26) = 5.597, p = 0.026; Quadrant, F(3,78) = 14.259, p < 0.001; Genotype × Quadrant, F(3,78) = 0.295, p = 0.829) and Day 8 (Genotype, F(1,26) = 10.207, p = 0.004; Quadrant, F(3,78) = 24.031, p < 0.001; Genotype × Quadrant, F(3,78) = 0.562, p = 0.642). The significant main effects of genotype on both days primarily resulted from the generally lower amounts of time spent in three out of the four quadrants in +/− mice (Day 4, Quadrants 1, 3, and 4; Day 8, Quadrants 2, 3, and 4). e The mean (± SEM) escape latency in the visible cue task. A separate set of mice underwent examination using this version of the Morris water maze. +/+ and +/− mice equally acquired this task (Genotype, F(1,17) = 1.861, p = 0.190; Day, F(2,34) = 52.313, p < 0.001; Genotype × Day, F(2,34) = 1.229, p = 0.305). +/+, n = 8; +/−, n = 11.