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. 2021 Oct 29;27(2):831–839. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01365-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The sample derived from n = 37 healthy volunteers (12 males, 25 females). (Note: correlation testing with placebo-induced changes in MPQ Sensory Pain score was not completed given the lack of significance in testing of correlations between MPQ Sensory Pain and pain induced change in plasma IL-18). The top graph shows the correlation between placebo-induced reductions in MPQ Affective pain scores and placebo-induced changes in IL-18 plasma levels during the pain challenge (r = −0.49, p = 0.001). The bottom graph shows similar relationships for placebo induced changes in Pain Sensitivity and IL-18 during pain (r = −0.42, p < 0.005).