Table 3.

Features associated with 1–year case–fatality after index surgery for cSDH. Results of univariable and multivariable analyses.

Variable	1-year case-fatality
	Rate	Univariable		Multivariable
		HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Women	15.3%	Reference		Reference
Men	14.3%	0.92 (0.82–1.04)	0.176	1.04 (0.92–1.17)	0.546
Age, years			< 0.0001		< 0.0001
16–54	7.5%	Reference		Reference
55–64	10.1%	1.36 (0.99–1.88)	0.056	1.27 (0.92–1.75)	0.141
65–74	8.7%	1.17 (0.86–1.58)	0.318	1.01 (0.74–1.38)	0.956
75–84	15.0%	2.06 (1.56–2.73)	< 0.0001	1.62 (1.21–2.18)	< 0.0001
≥ 85	29.1%	4.35 (3.29–5.76)	< 0.0001	3.24 (2.40–4.39)	< 0.0001
CCI			< 0.0001		< 0.0001
0	7.1%	Reference		Reference
1	13.6%	1.98 (1.68–2.35)	< 0.0001	1.79 (1.50–2.12)	< 0.0001
2	19.1%	2.87 (2.41–3.42)	< 0.0001	2.46 (2.05–2.95)	< 0.0001
3	25.2%	3.92 (3.25–4.73)	< 0.0001	3.21 (2.64–3.91)	< 0.0001
≥ 4	33.7%	5.62 (4.71–6.71)	< 0.0001	4.61 (3.80–5.59)	< 0.0001
Alcohol abuse
No	14.7%	Reference		Reference
Yes	14.3%	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.748	1.39 (1.13–1.71)	0.002
Atrial fibrillation
No	12.1%	Reference		Reference
Yes	23.6%	2.07 (1.85–2.33)	< 0.0001	1.36 (1.20–1.54)	< 0.0001
Coagulopathy
No	14.5%	Reference		Reference
Yes	22.5%	1.65 (1.06–2.57)	0.026	1.38 (0.88–2.15)	0.159
Hypertension
No	13.0%	Reference		Reference
Yes	18.0%	1.41 (1.26–1.58)	< 0.0001	0.93 (0.82–1.05)	0.223
Study era			0.542		< 0.0001
2004–2008	13.9%	Reference		Reference
2009–2013	15.1%	1.08 (0.94–1.24)	0.271	0.83 (0.72–0.96)	0.019
2014–2017	14.6%	1.04 (0.90–1.20)	0.593	0.69 (0.60–0.81)	< 0.0001

CCI, Charlson co–morbidity index score; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.