Table 7.
Baseline characteristics of rivaroxaban- and apixaban-treated patients within the PS-trimmed cohort (A) and the PS-matched cohort (B)
| Characteristics | (A) PS-trimmed cohort | (B) PS-matched cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rivaroxaban N = 3789 |
Apixaban N = 4227 |
Standardized difference* | Rivaroxaban N = 3559 |
Apixaban N = 3559 |
Standardized difference* | |
| Age, years, n (%) | ||||||
| < 65 | 905 (23.9) | 829 (19.6) | − 0.1037 | 844 (23.7) | 790 (22.2) | − 0.0361 |
| 65–74 | 1466 (38.7) | 1533 (36.3) | − 0.0501 | 1373 (38.6) | 1349 (37.9) | − 0.0139 |
| ≥ 75 | 1418 (37.4) | 1865 (44.1) | 0.1366 | 1342 (37.7) | 1420 (39.9) | 0.0450 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1704 (45.0) | 1984 (46.9) | 0.0394 | 1590 (44.7) | 1616 (45.4) | 0.0147 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/min, n (%) | ||||||
| < 30 | 55 (1.5) | 69 (1.6) | 0.0147 | 49 (1.4) | 54 (1.5) | 0.0118 |
| 30 to < 50 | 372 (9.8) | 549 (13.0) | 0.0999 | 348 (9.8) | 414 (11.6) | 0.0600 |
| 50 to < 80 | 1204 (31.8) | 1372 (32.5) | 0.0146 | 1140 (32.0) | 1122 (31.5) | − 0.0109 |
| ≥ 80 | 1506 (39.7) | 1517 (35.9) | − 0.0796 | 1433 (40.3) | 1359 (38.2) | − 0.0426 |
| Missing | 652 (17.2) | 720 (17.0) | − 0.0046 | 589 (16.5) | 610 (17.1) | 0.0158 |
| Type of AF, n (%) | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 2168 (57.2) | 2460 (58.2) | 0.0198 | 2038 (57.3) | 2021 (56.8) | − 0.0096 |
| Persistent | 1312 (34.6) | 1428 (33.8) | − 0.0178 | 1240 (34.8) | 1247 (35.0) | 0.0041 |
| Permanent | 309 (8.2) | 339 (8.0) | −0.0050 | 281 (7.9) | 291 (8.2) | 0.0103 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 665 (17.6) | 727 (17.2) | − 0.0093 | 613 (17.2) | 627 (17.6) | 0.0104 |
| History of hypertension | 2858 (75.4) | 3259 (77.1) | 0.0393 | 2684 (75.4) | 2696 (75.8) | 0.0078 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 883 (23.3) | 965 (22.8) | − 0.0113 | 829 (23.3) | 810 (22.8) | − 0.0127 |
| Previous stroke | 260 (6.9) | 472 (11.2) | 0.1507 | 255 (7.2) | 246 (6.9) | − 0.0099 |
| Coronary artery disease | 639 (16.9) | 785 (18.6) | 0.0447 | 620 (17.4) | 631 (17.7) | 0.0081 |
| Prior bleeding | 189 (5.0) | 225 (5.3) | 0.0151 | 182 (5.1) | 182 (5.1) | 0.0000 |
| Alcohol abuse (> 8 units/week) | 297 (7.8) | 351 (8.3) | 0.0171 | 293 (8.2) | 298 (8.4) | 0.0051 |
| Current smoker | 306 (8.1) | 344 (8.1) | 0.0023 | 295 (8.3) | 292 (8.2) | − 0.0031 |
| Past smoker | 1297 (34.2) | 1472 (34.8) | 0.0125 | 1245 (35.0) | 1261 (35.4) | 0.0094 |
| Previous OAC use within 3 months | 2072 (54.7) | 2072 (49.0) | − 0.1136 | 1944 (54.6) | 1718 (48.3) | − 0.1273 |
| Chronic concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Antiplatelet | 705 (18.6) | 837 (19.8) | 0.0303 | 685 (19.2) | 705 (19.8) | 0.0142 |
| Drugs with higher bleeding risk (HAS-BLED)# | 820 (21.6) | 972 (23.0) | 0.0325 | 798 (22.4) | 818 (23.0) | 0.0134 |
| Region, n (%) | ||||||
| Asia | 344 (9.1) | 360 (8.5) | −0.0198 | 290 (8.1) | 290 (8.1) | 0.0000 |
| Europe | 1900 (50.1) | 2078 (49.2) | −0.0197 | 1846 (51.9) | 1846 (51.9) | 0.0000 |
| North America | 1277 (33.7) | 1638 (38.8) | 0.1052 | 1274 (35.8) | 1274 (35.8) | 0.0000 |
| Latin America | 268 (7.1) | 151 (3.6) | −0.1564 | 149 (4.2) | 149 (4.2) | 0.0000 |
| Treatment dose, n (%) | ||||||
| 10 mg OD: 100 (2.6) | 5 mg BID: 3420 (80.9) | – | 10 mg OD: 89 (2.5) | 5 mg BID: 2911 (81.8) | – | |
| 15 mg OD: 806 (21.3) | 2.5 mg BID: 796 (18.8) | – | 15 mg OD: 735 (20.7) | 2.5 mg BID: 640 (18.0) | – | |
| 20 mg OD: 2856 (75.4) | Other dose: 11 (0.3) | – | 20 mg OD: 2711 (76.2) | Other dose: 8 (0.2) | – | |
| Other dose: 27 (0.7) | – | Other dose: 24 (0.7) | – | |||
PS propensity score; AF atrial fibrillation; HAS-BLED hypertension, abnormal liver/renal function, stroke history, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio (INR), elderly (age > 65 years), drug/alcohol usage; OAC oral anticoagulant; OD once daily; BID twice daily; mg milligram
* Standardized difference > 10% (in absolute value) is considered unbalanced between the two treatment groups
# Concomitant use of drugs associated with higher bleeding risk (i.e., antiplatelet agent, Cox-2 inhibitor, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)