Comparison of catalytic activity of our catalyst (Pd/Cu@GO) with previously reported Pd–Cu based catalysts for Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction.

Entry	Catalyst	Substrates	Temperature reaction condition	Reaction time (h) (reusability)	Solvent	Isolated yield (%)	Reference
1	Pd/Cu@GO	Aryl iodides and bromides with aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes	75 °C magnetic stirring	3–5 (10 cycles)	Ethanol	45–99	Author's present work
2	rGO–CuPd	Aryl iodides and bromides with phenyl acetylene	120 °C magnetic stirring	1–5 (5 cycles)	DMF	70–96	2
3	Pd/Cu–ARF(ii)	Aryl iodides and bromides with aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes	80 °C magnetic stirring N2 atmosphere	3–16 (5 cycles)	CH3CN	77–95	7
4	MgO@PdCu	Aryl iodides, bromides and chloride with aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes	60–120 °C magnetic stirring	6–24 (11 cycles)	DABCO and DMF	10–99	23
5	MMT@Pd/Cu	Aryl iodides with aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes	65 °C magnetic stirring N2 atmosphere	16	Ethanol	57–97	30
6	PdCu@GQD@Fe3O4	Aryl iodides, bromides and chloride with aromatic terminal alkynes	50–110 °C	8–48 (10 cycles)	DABCO, toluene or DMA	76–99	37
7	Pd–CuFe2O4@SiO2	Aryl iodides and bromides with aromatic terminal alkynes	50 °C	24 (5 cycles)	DABCO, DMA	68–98	67