Table 3.
Association of digital Clock Drawing Test composite scores with cerebral white matter, gray matter, and hippocampal volumes.
| dCDTa composite scoreb | Cerebral white matter volumec | Cerebral gray matter volumec | Hippocampal volumec | |||||||||
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|
Effect size | Standard error | P valued | Effect size | Standard error | P valued | Effect size | Standard error | P valued |
|
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| dCDT_LMie | 0.071 | 0.023 | 1.9×10−3f | 0.042 | 0.019 | 2.8×10−2 | 0.033 | 0.025 | 2.0×10−1 |
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| dCDT_LMde | 0.075 | 0.023 | 1.1×10−3f | 0.045 | 0.019 | 2.0×10−2 | 0.038 | 0.025 | 1.3×10−1 |
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| dCDT_LMre | 0.052 | 0.022 | 2.0×10−2 | 0.034 | 0.019 | 7.1×10−2 | 0.019 | 0.025 | 4.6×10−1 |
|
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| dCDT_VRig | 0.083 | 0.023 | 4.2×10−4f | 0.059 | 0.020 | 2.6×10−3f | 0.054 | 0.026 | 3.8×10−2 |
|
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| dCDT_VRdg | 0.084 | 0.023 | 3.0×10−4f | 0.058 | 0.020 | 3.1×10−3 | 0.054 | 0.026 | 3.9×10−2 |
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| dCDT_VRrg | 0.080 | 0.023 | 5.6×10−4f | 0.054 | 0.020 | 5.5×10−3 | 0.052 | 0.026 | 4.3×10−2 |
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| dCDT_PASih | 0.070 | 0.023 | 2.3×10−3f | 0.044 | 0.019 | 2.2×10−2 | 0.035 | 0.025 | 1.7×10−1 |
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| dCDT_PASdh | 0.078 | 0.023 | 7.3×10−4f | 0.044 | 0.019 | 2.4×10−2 | 0.041 | 0.026 | 1.1×10−1 |
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| dCDT_PASrh | 0.067 | 0.023 | 3.2×10−3 | 0.036 | 0.019 | 6.2×10−2 | 0.047 | 0.025 | 6.5×10−2 |
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| dCDT_DSfi | 0.063 | 0.023 | 5.7×10−3 | 0.041 | 0.019 | 3.4×10−2 | 0.026 | 0.025 | 3.1×10−1 |
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| dCDT_DSbi | 0.059 | 0.023 | 9.0×10−3 | 0.037 | 0.019 | 5.0×10−2 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 3.7×10−1 |
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| dCDT_Trails Aj | −0.063 | 0.023 | 6.0×10−3 | −0.045 | 0.019 | 1.8×10−2 | −0.046 | 0.025 | 7.0×10−2 |
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| dCDT_Trails Bj | −0.069 | 0.023 | 2.9×10−3 | −0.047 | 0.019 | 1.4×10−2 | −0.047 | 0.025 | 6.7×10−2 |
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| dCDT_SIMk | 0.071 | 0.023 | 2.0×10−3f | 0.049 | 0.019 | 1.2×10−2 | 0.034 | 0.026 | 1.8×10−1 |
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| dCDT_HVOTl | 0.083 | 0.023 | 4.0×10−4f | 0.052 | 0.020 | 8.0×10−3 | 0.048 | 0.026 | 6.4×10−2 |
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| dCDT_BNT30m | 0.071 | 0.023 | 1.9×10−3f | 0.036 | 0.019 | 5.9×10−2 | 0.028 | 0.025 | 2.7×10−1 |
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| dCDT_FASn | 0.071 | 0.023 | 2.1×10−3f | 0.047 | 0.019 | 1.5×10−2 | 0.040 | 0.026 | 1.2×10−1 |
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| dCDT_FAS-Animaln | 0.054 | 0.023 | 1.7×10−2 | 0.034 | 0.019 | 7.1×10−2 | 0.021 | 0.025 | 4.0×10−1 |
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adCDT: digital Clock Drawing Test.
bThe models were adjusted for age, sex, and education.
cAll magnetic resonance imaging measures were the percentage of the volumes over the total cerebral cranial volume above the tentorium.
dBonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing, and significant associations were claimed if P<.05/18 (2.8×10−3), where 18 is the number of tests performed.
eWechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory—Immediate Recall (LMi), Delayed Recall (LMd), and Recognition (LMr).
fSignificant.
gVisual Reproduction—Immediate Recall (VRi), Delayed Recall (VRd), and Recognition (VRr).
hPaired Associate Learning—Immediate Recall (PASi), Delayed Recall (PASd), and Recognition (PASr).
iWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit Span—Forward (DSf) and Backward (DSb).
jTrail Making Test A (Trails A) and B (Trails B).
kSIM: Similarities.
lHVOT: Hooper Visual Organization Test.
mBNT30: Boston Naming Test—30 item version.
nVerbal fluency test (FAS and FAS-Animal).