Following 9-14 weeks of intermittent access to preferred diet, functional adaptations were seen in the anterior insula pyramidal neurons of INT rats, especially after binge-like refeeding (INT-BINGE), as compared to those continuously fed chow, including: A) decreased resistance at baseline and B) in the presence of ionotropic glutamate and GABAB receptor blockers and C) increased rheobase at baseline and D) in the presence of blockers. E) A representative trace shows the resistance and rheobase difference in the presence of blockers in a CHOW and F) INT rat. INT-BINGE rats also showed G) increased action potential thresholds at baseline as compared to rats withdrawn to chow diet for 24 hr (INT-WD) and H) increased action potential thresholds with blockers as compared to CHOW rats. INT rats also had a I) decreased percent change in spike threshold and J) in spike amplitude from baseline in the presence of blockers as compared to CHOW controls. *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001, ****: p<0.0001, INT vs CHOW. #: p<0.05, ##: p<0.01, ###: p<0.001, ####: p<0.0001, pairwise between CHOW, INT-WD, or INT-BINGE. n=13-69 cells per group for all measures.