Table 2. Summary of Key Actors and Their Practices of Power Across the Interfaces.

Administrative Interface	Actors	Function of Actor	Practice of Power (Drawing on VeneKlasen and Miller 20 )
DOH National Office and DOH Regional Office	DOH National Office	Develop national plans, set technical standards, and formulate guidelines on health	Power over DOH Regional Office and LGUs, through priority-setting, standard-setting, resources, performance-monitoring and targets in policies and programs
	Regional Licensing and Regulatory Officer	Assess health providers if they are in compliance with standards and regulatory policies provided by DOH National Office	Power within and power to act to accommodate Indigenous variations when monitoring facilities and services
Within units/managers at the DOH Regional Office	LHSS Chief; Program assistant; Training Specialist A; Planning Officer	Assess and support priorities in local health systems development Facilitate development of competencies of staff Coordinates sectoral and internal systems and processes for health planning and program development	Power within and power with as they formed an alliance to organize the regional Indigenous Peoples Health Summit
	Training Specialist B	Facilitate development of competencies of staff	Power to act in organizing another CST for regional office personnel (utilizing her unit’s budget) since previous training organized by Indigenous Peoples’ health coordinator was not well-attended
	Program managers/coordinators of vertical programs	Manage vertical health disease-specific and family health programs	Power to infuse Indigenous innovations in their programs Power to not infuse Indigenous innovations due to other priorities, and lack of cultural competence
	Indigenous Peoples’ health coordinators	Act as point person for the DOH Regional Office functions relative to the Indigenous policy	Power to drive adoption of relevant policy provisions by program managers in their tasks (but this practice of power was perceived as weak by regional managers)
DOH Regional Office and the LGU	DOH Regional Office	Provides technical assistance, training, capacity-building, and advocacy to LGUs regarding the health policy, monitors and evaluates	Power over LGUs through priority-setting, resources, performance monitoring and set targets in programs
	Indigenous Peoples’ health coordinator	Act as point person for the DOH Regional Office functions relative to the Indigenous health policy	Power over provincial LGUs to conduct JMC Orientation and CST
	Provincial Health Officer and Provincial Health Board members	Serve as an advisory committee to policy-making on health matters in the provincial LGU	Power with co-members and power to act in challenging a pilot program of the DOH Regional Office in their Indigenous locality

Abbreviations: DOH, Department of Health; LHSS, Local Health System Section; CST, culture-sensitivity training; LGU, local government unit; JMC, Joint Memorandum Circular.