Fig. 1. Typical stainless-steel crowns after cementation; authors in this study11 were investigating the effects of microbial adhesion of preveneered and stainless-steel crowns (a). The intercuspation image from a patient's post-treatment (b) procedure on a bite wound treated according to the Hall technique; the stainless-steels crowns cover the premolars.12 Collective EBSD maps of the stainless-steel similar to those utilized within this study: (c) band contrast and twin, (d) KAM and (e) EBSD orientation/inverse pole figure (IPF);41 images are reproduced with permission. Apart from titanium, niobium and vanadium are also strong carbon-form elements incorporated with AISI 321 stainless-steel dental substrates to prevent depleting chromium as chromium carbides precipitates from around the grain boundaries, in turn, inhibiting intergranular corrosion and intergranular corrosion stress corrosion cracking (a, b and c–e are reproduced with permissions from ref. 11,12 and 41, respectively).
