Fig. 5.

Illustration of a the electrical bridge effect and b the capillary force effect. The illustration of the co-percolating conduction for AgNWs/graphene composite electrode (d) compared to the single layer graphene with has high-resistance grain boundaries (red lines) (c). e Schematic illustration of FPSCs based on the embedded-Ag/AgNWs: AZO-graphene hybrid electrode. f Schematic of welding the AgNWs via water treatment induced capillary force. The SEM images of AgNWs junctions g before and h after water treatment, i before and j after chemical treatment. a, b, e

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons. c, d Reproduced with permission from Ref. [120]. Copyright 2013, John Wiley and Sons. f, g, h Reproduced with permission from Ref. [122]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. i, j Reproduced with permission from Ref. [124]. Copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons