Table 1.

Summary of flexible transparent electrodes

Substrate/electrode	Sheet resistance (Ω/sq)	Optical transmittance (%)	Flexibility of the related device	Efficiency (%)	Refs.
Glass/ITO	10 [18]	86 [18]	–	24.4 [161]	–
PET/ITO	10–15 [162]	73.1 [162]	20,000 tension-only cycles at r = 5 mm (81% of initial PCE left)	21.0 [144]	–
PEN/ITO	14	78	2,000 bending cycles at r = 10 mm (93.2% of initial PCE left)	21.10	[35]
Willow glass/ITO	12 [162]	85 [162]	Bending radius at centimeter scale [162]	19.72 [163]	–
PET/PEDOT:PSS	24	84.6	5,000 bending cycles at r = 3 mm (85% of initial PCE left)	19.0	[74]
PET/PEDOT:PSS	234.3	> 80	10,000 bending cycles at r = 0.5 mm (no clear efficiency decrease)	17.03	[22]
PDMS/PH1000	40	–	5,000 bending cycles r = 2 mm (no clear efficiency decrease)	15.01	[19]
NOA 63/PEDOT:PSS	110	91 (NOA 63) 93.3 (PEDOT:PSS)	1000 bending cycles r = 1 mm (90% of initial PCE left)	10.83	[65]
PI-SWNT/MoOx	82	80 (at 700 nm)	10,000 folding cycles r = 0.5 mm (no efficiency decrease)	15.2	[91]
PET/2-layed graphene	290 ± 17	87.3 (at 500 nm)	2,000 bending cycles r = 4 mm (86% of initial PCE left)	11.9	[95]
PEN/graphene/MoO3	552.0	97	5, 000 bending cycles r = 2 mm (85% of initial PCE left)	16.8	[96]
PDMS/APTES/TFSA-doped graphene	116 ± 49	96.8	5,000 bending cycles r = 8 mm (75% of initial PCE left)	18.3	[77]
PDMS/graphene (top)	396 ± 23	92.5	1,000 bending cycles r = 4 mm (less than 80% of initial PCE left)	15	[98]
Polymer/AgNWs /graphene	8.06	88.3 (at 550 nm)	–	10.419	[110]
PEN/orthogonal AgNWs	15.7	92.3	1,000 bending cycles r = 5 mm (80% of initial PCE left)	12.85	[8]
PET/Ag-mesh/PH1000	3	82–86	5,000 bending cycles r = 5 mm (95.4% of initial PCE left)	14.0 [126] 18.1 [164]	[126]
PET/PDMS/Ag grids	7.9	> 85	1,000 bending cycles r = 6 mm (60% of initial PCE left)	18.49	[130]
PET/Au-mesh /PEDOT:PSS	18.0	> 80	10,000 bending cycles r = 0.5 mm (no clear efficiency decrease)	13.6 (1.2 cm2)	[22]
Cellophane paper/ TiO2/ultrathin Ag/TiO2	9.5	82.1	1,000 bending cycles r = 1 mm (95.8% of initial PCE left)	13	[137]