Fig. 2. (A) Illustration of the agglutination of PNA with SGY through multivalent galactose–lectin binding interactions. Turbidimetric assays of the binding interactions of (B) PNA (2 mg mL⁻¹) and (C) ConA (2 mg mL⁻¹) with different concentrations of SGYp (400 and 800 μM), SGY (400 and 800 μM), SYp (400 and 800 μM) and SY (400 and 800 μM) in HEPES buffer. (D) Illustration of the effects of the SGY gel, PMB and SGY gel + PMB on inhibiting biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa. (E) Crystal violet staining P. aeruginosa (10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹) in a 96-well microplate with the presence of the SY gel (1 wt%), SGY gel (1 wt%), PMB (20 μg mL⁻¹), and SGY gel (1 wt%) encapsulating 20 μg mL⁻¹ of PMB. (F) The relative biofilm content of P. aeruginosa shown in Fig. 2E was determined by the absorbance at 570 nm after cultivation at 37 °C for 48 h.