Comparison of different electrochemical electrodes for vanillin determination.

Electrode	Technique	Linear range (μmol L−1)	LOD (μmol L−1)	Reference
Au–Ag alloy NPa/GCE	Amperometryj	0.2–50	0.04	53
BDDb	SWVk	3.3–98	0.16	55
Arg-Gc/GCE	DPV	2–70	1	56
Al–TiO2-NPs/SPCEd	LSVl	0.07–20	0.02	57
MWNTs-PDA@MIP/SWNTs-COOHe/GCE	DPV	0.2–10	0.1	58
Aptamer-AuNPs/FcKB/ZIF-8f@GCE	SWV	0.01–200	0.03	59
MoS2–CNFg/GCE	I–Tm	0.3–135	0.15	60
CTABMGPEh	DPV	4–15 and 20–70	1.29	61
CoS NR@nafion-GCE	DPV	0.5–56	0.07	62
G-QDi@Nafion/AuNPSPCE	LSV and DPV	13–660 and 0.66–33	3.9 and 0.32	63
FePc MOF/GCE	DPV	0.22–29.14	0.05	This work

^aNanoparticles.

^bBoron-doped diamond electrode.

^cArginine-functionalized graphene.

^dScreen-printed carbon electrode.

^ePolydopamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MIP and carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes composite.

^fKetjen black/ferrocene dual-doped zeolite-like MOFs and electrodeposited gold nanoparticles coupled with DNA aptamer.

^gCarbon nanofibers.

^hCTAB-modified graphene paste electrode.

ⁱGraphene-quantum dots.

^jAmperometry: amperometric measurements.

^kSquare wave voltammetry.

^lLinear sweep voltammetry.

^mCurrent–time.