Application of bacteriocin from LAB in infectious disease treatment for livestock.

Producing strain	Types of bacteriocin	Application in Livestock	Targeted pathogens	Pros and cons	References
L. lactis	Nisin	Meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and septicemia in swine and cow	S. suis, S. aureus, A. suis, A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis	Pros: nisin possesses rapid bactericidal activity on S. suis, S. aureus, A. suis, A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis. Besides that. It has synergistic effects in combination with several antibiotics, including penicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and cefazolin	155
L. lactis subsp. lactis	Nisin A	Mastitis in lactating dairy cows	S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, E. faecalis and E. coli	Pros: nisin A can be used to replace cefazolin for mastitis treatment	151
				Cons: no preliminary study of the inhibition effect of nisin A with an animal model is carried out
	Nisin A and cefazolin	Mastitis in lactating dairy cows	S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, E. faecalis and E. coli	Pros: nisin A can enhance the activity of cefazolin and reduce the antibiotic dose for mastitis treatment	151
				Cons: no preliminary study of the inhibition effect of combination of nisin A and cefazolin with an animal model is carried out
L. lactis subsp. lactis DPC3147	Lacticin 3147	Mastitis in lactating dairy cows	S. dysgalactiae M, S. aureus 10 and S. uberis	Pros: the teat seal treated with lacticin 3147 show a decrease in the number of teats shedding viable cells significantly	201
Lactococcus garvieae KS1546	Garvicin KS	Mastitis in lactating dairy cows	A. baumannii and S. aureus	Pros: garvicin KS can be used alone in the inhibition of A. baumannii. It also acts synergistically with nisin in the inhibition of S. aureus. The combination of garvicin KS and nisin was proved to cause rapid eradication of all the S. aureus strains tested	164 and 202
				Cons: no preliminary study of the inhibition effect of garvicin KS on mastitis with an animal model is carried out
S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus ST91KM	Macedocin ST91KM	Mastitis in lactating dairy cows	S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. aureus and S. epidermidis	Pros: macedocin ST91KM has high heat stability in which it still remains active even at 100 °C. It shows rapid bacteriocidal mode of action against the mastitis pathogens	203
				Cons: no preliminary study of the inhibition effect of macedocin ST91KM on mastitis with an animal model is carried out. Besides that, there is a lack of studies on the synergetic effect of macedocin ST91KM with the currently applied antibiotics on mastitis