Baseline characteristics of healthy volunteers and patients with T2DM.

	Discovery cohort		Validation cohort
	HVs	T2DM patients	HVs	T2DM patients
Subject number	40	35	40	37
Sex (male : female)	25/15	20/15	22/18	23/14
Agea (year)	56.92 ± 7.43	58.17 ± 12.35	57.28 ± 6.33	54.83 ± 11.17
BMI (kg m−2)	21.45 ± 4.32	25.41 ± 2.66	21.74 ± 4.68	26.43 ± 3.74
Duration of diabetes (years)	—	14.29 ± 6.41	—	12.59 ± 8.10
HbA1c (%)	—	7.19 ± 1.12	—	7.77 ± 1.58

^aMean ± SD.