Altered glycopatterns of salivary glycoproteins between HVs and T2DM patients in discovery and validation cohorts based on data of lectins giving significant differencesa.
| Lectin | Specificity | Discovery cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HVs (n = 40) | T2DM patients (n = 35) | Fold changeb | HVs (n = 40) | T2DM patients (n = 37) | Fold changeb | ||
| LEL | Galβ-1,4GlcNAc(LacNAc) and poly LacNAc | 0.012 (0.008–0.015) | 0.063 (0.053–0.072) | 5.375*** | 0.012 (0.009–0.015) | 0.057 (0.053–0.062) | 4.845*** |
| VVA | Terminal GalNAc, GalNAcα-Ser/Thr(Tn), GalNAcα1-3Gal | 0.032 (0.026–0.038) | 0.075 (0.063–0.088) | 2.375*** | 0.034 (0.028–0.040) | 0.083 (0.069–0.096) | 2.445*** |
| Jacalin | Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr(T), GlcNAcβ1-3-GalNAcα-Ser/Thr(Core3), sialyl-T(ST) | 0.071 (0.051–0.090) | 0.030 (0.026–0.033) | 0.420*** | 0.066 (0.046–0.086) | 0.033 (0.030–0.037) | 0.491** |
| RCA120 | β-Gal, Galβ1-3GlcNAc (type I) | 0.042 (0.029–0.054) | 0.015 (0.010–0.020) | 0.357*** | 0.043 (0.030–0.056) | 0.016 (0.012–0.019) | 0.362*** |
| DSA | (GlcNAc)2-4 | 0.024 (0.019–0.029) | 0.011 (0.007–0.015) | 0.471*** | 0.022 (0.018–0.026) | 0.008 (0.005–0.011) | 0.281*** |
a
The NFIs of lectins are represented as mean with 95% confidence interval.
b
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.