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. 2022 Apr 13;28(7-8):312–329. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0137

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Copyright 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers

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FIG. 8. — Lower stiffness hydrogels support similar macrophage polarization profiles to native muscle. (A–E) Representative images of macrophage infiltration at 24 weeks post-VML. Images were taken in the zone of regeneration showing CD68 (green, arrowhead) and CD163 (red, arrow) at the defect-tissue interface. (F) Quantification of CD68⁺/CD163⁺ cells indicative of M2 macrophages showed no statistically significant difference across experimental groups. (G) CD68⁺/CD163^- M1 macrophages remained significantly elevated in NR and high stiffness hydrogel-treated muscle indicating a prolonged inflammatory response. Data presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05. n = 3 muscles per experimental group. Scale bar: 100 μm. Color images are available online.