Scheme 1. (A) Examples of microflow peptide synthesis with strong carboxylic acid activation by triphosgene178,179 or isobutyl chloroformate.180 (B) Large scale peptide synthesis through controlled continuous flow polymerisation of N-carboxy anhydrides (NCAs).185 Unspecified counter ions are illustrated as M+ and X− respectively. (C) Example protocol for automated fast-flow peptide synthesis at 60 °C to enable each amino acid coupling cycle within 1.8 min.186,188.
