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. 2022 Apr 18;13:842232. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842232

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Copyright © 2022 Garanina, Hamza, Stott-Marshall, Martynova, Markelova, Davidyuk, Shakirova, Kaushal, Baranwal, Khaertynova, Rizvanov, Foster and Khaiboullina.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Analysis of T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides using ELISpot. PBMCs were collected from COVID-19 convalescent individuals and incubated with COVID-19 T cell peptides in anti–human IFN-γ mAb-coated 96-well plates. Spots were detected with biotinylated anti-human IFN-γ antibodies after 48 h. The number of spots in negative control wells was subtracted from the number of spots in stimulated wells. All experiments were done in duplicate. (A) Analysis of T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in all COVID-19 patients. (B) Analysis of T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in younger (<45 years old) and older (≤45 years old) COVID-19 patients. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides depending on age of the patient (p < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test).