Table 4.

Cognitive Test Performance: Regression Models Predicting Influence of Group Membership After Controlling for Potential Confounders (N = 204)

	Motor Skills				Processing Speed				Attention and Working Memory
Predictor	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p
Group (vs MWH)
MCVR	1.39	2.24	0.62	.537	2.67	2.12	1.26	.210	3.82	1.67	2.29	.024*
Controls	−0.29	1.89	−0.15	.880	3.27	1.80	1.82	.071	0.93	1.42	0.66	.513
Home language (vs English)
Afrikaans	6.76	2.74	2.47	.015*	0.88	2.60	0.34	.736	−0.16	2.04	−0.08	.936
Xhosa	1.19	2.81	0.42	.673	−6.93	2.66	−2.61	.010*	−4.09	2.09	−1.96	.052
Shona	−2.74	3.21	−0.85	.394	−9.86	3.04	−3.24	.002**	−7.37	2.39	−3.08	.002**
Other	−0.92	3.93	−0.23	.816	−6.37	3.73	−1.71	.090	−2.23	2.94	−0.76	.448
Monthly income (ZAR)	0.00	0.00	−0.02	.981	0.00	0.00	0.51	.612	0.00	0.00	1.93	.056
BDI-II (cut-off ≥19)	−0.90	2.50	−0.36	.716	−4.67	2.35	−2.29	.024*	−0.21	1.85	−0.11	.909
FRS (%)	−0.04	0.10	−0.40	.690	0.27	0.10	2.81	.006**	−0.01	0.08	−0.09	.928
	Language				Learning				Memory
Predictor	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p
Group (vs MWH)
MCVR	4.44	2.68	1.66	.100	5.13	2.21	2.32	.022*	4.81	2.23	2.16	.032*
Controls	2.83	2.27	1.25	.214	1.92	1.87	1.03	.307	2.30	1.88	1.22	.224
Home language (vs English)
Afrikaans	−0.75	3.28	−0.23	.819	−2.57	2.71	−0.95	.344	−0.65	2.72	−0.24	.812
Xhosa	−2.49	3.35	−0.74	.459	−7.17	2.77	−2.59	.011*	−6.67	2.78	−2.39	.018*
Shona	−6.03	3.84	−1.57	.118	−5.86	3.17	−1.85	.067	−7.02	3.19	−2.20	.029*
Other	−9.41	4.71	−2.00	.048*	−7.01	3.89	−1.80	.074	−7.69	3.91	−1.97	.051
Monthly income (ZAR)	0.00	0.00	1.00	.318	0.00	0.00	−0.43	.670	−5.07	0.00	−0.36	.718
BDI-II (cut-off ≥19)	0.70	2.97	0.24	.813	−1.08	2.45	−0.44	.660	2.60	2.46	0.11	.916
FRS (%)	−0.08	0.12	−0.63	.531	−0.20	0.10	−1.98	.050*	−0.18	0.10	−1.81	.072
	Executive Function				Global Deficit Score				Global T−Score
Predictor	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p	β	SE	t	p
Group (vs MWH)
MCVR	1.10	2.25	0.49	.624	−1.45	0.40	−2.26	.024*	3.62	1.50	2.42	.017*
Controls	1.64	1.90	0.86	.392	−0.84	0.50	−1.68	.093	1.76	1.27	1.39	.166
Home language (vs English)
Afrikaans	−0.58	2.75	−0.21	.834	−0.42	0.91	−0.46	.648	0.43	1.83	0.23	.816
Xhosa	−5.70	2.81	−2.03	.045*	−0.11	0.81	−0.14	.891	−4.08	1.87	−2.18	.031*
Shona	−8.14	3.22	−2.53	.013*	1.37	0.87	1.57	.116	−5.28	2.14	−2.47	.015*
Other	−2.32	3.95	−0.59	.558	0.64	1.04	0.62	.538	−4.77	2.63	−1.82	.078
Monthly income (ZAR)	0.00	0.00	0.43	.665	0.00	0.00	−0.87	.386	7.53	0.00	0.80	.424
BDI-II (cut-off ≥19)	0.69	2.49	0.28	.783	0.57	0.62	0.91	.361	−1.07	1.66	−0.65	.520
FRS (%)	0.11	0.10	1.09	.278	0.00	0.00	0.04	.969	0.00	0.07	0.12	.902

Note. MWH = men with HIV; MCVR = men with cardiovascular risk; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II; FRS (%) = Framingham Risk Score 10-year cardiovascular disease risk percentage.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.