Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Appetite. 2022 Mar 21;174:106007. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106007

Tables 3a-c.

Regression Models (Linear and Logistic) for Associations of Child HEI-2015, FV Intake, and SSB Intake with Parent Role Modeling (N=114)

a: Linear Regression: Child HEI-2015 Total Score
Covariate Coefficient 95% CI P-Value
Parent-Reported Variables
Parent education
 Less than a BA −4.85 −9.04, −0.67 0.02
 BA or greater Ref
Parent fruit/vegetable intake 0.21 −1.11, 1.53 0.75
Parent fast food intake 0.47 −1.13, 2.06 0.56
Parent SSB intake
 None or less than one per week −0.26 −4.33, 3.81 0.90
 At least one per week Ref
Parent sitting and eating with child 0.95 −0.18, 2.07 0.10
Child-Reported Variables
Parent eats vegetables at meals
 Never 2.53 −4.94, 10.00 0.50
 Sometimes −1.44 −6.21, 3.33 0.55
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit at meals
 Never −4.91 −10.79, 0.97 0.11
Sometimes −5.54 −10.22, −0.86 0.02
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats leafy green salad at meals
 Never 3.08 −4.03, 10.20 0.39
 Sometimes 2.31 −2.65, 7.27 0.36
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats vegetables as snack
 Never −0.55 −7.01, 5.91 0.87
 Sometimes −2.05 −8.05, 2.84 0.35
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit as snack
 Never 4.09 −3.93, 12.11 0.31
Sometimes 5.17 0.19, 10.16 0.04
 Usually or always Ref
b: Linear Regression: Child FV Intake (average cups per day)
Co variate Coefficient 95% CI P-Value
Parent-Reported Variables
Parent education
 Less than a BA −0.41 −0.96, 0.13 0.13
 BA or greater Ref
Parent fruit/vegetable intake 0.07 −0.10, 0.24 0.43
Parent fast food intake 0.12 −0.09, 0.33 0.25
Parent SSB intake
 None or less than one per week −0.37 0.16
 At least one per week Ref
Parent sitting and eating with child 0.33
Child-Reported Variables
Parent eats vegetables at meals
 Never −0.74 −1.17, 0.23 0.13
 Sometimes −0.47 −1.09, 0.15 0.14
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit at meals
 Never −0.33 −1.10, 0.43 0.39
 Sometimes −0.39 −1.00, 0.22 0.21
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats leafy green salad at meals
 Never 0.35 −0.57, 1.27 0.45
 Sometimes 0.36 0.28, 1.00 0.27
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats vegetables as snack
 Never −0.34 −1.18, 0.49 0.42
 Sometimes −0.18 −0.89, 0.53 0.61
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit as snack
 Never −0.69 −0.35, 1.73 0.19
 Sometimes −0.20 −0.44, 0.85 0.54
 Usually or always Ref
c: Logistic Regression: Child SSB Intake (at least one vs. none)
Covariate Odds Ratio 95% CI P-Value
Parent-Reported Variables
Parent education
 Less than a BA 1.41 0.51, 3.88 0.51
 BA or greater Ref
Parent fruit/vegetable intake 1.12 0.82, 1.53 0.47
Parent fast food intake 1.94 1.16, 3.23 0.01
Parent SSB intake
 None or less than one per week 0.88 0.35, 2.23 0.78
 At least one per week Ref
Parent sitting and eating with child 0.96 0.73, 1.25 0.75
Child-Reported Variables
Parent eats vegetables at meals
 Never 6.68 0.83, 53.78 0.16
 Sometimes 2.66 0.86, 8.24 0.96
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit at meals
 Never 0.46 0.13, 1.71 0.20
 Sometimes 0.94 0.33, 2.75 0.48
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats leafy green salad at meals
 Never 0.36 0.06, 1.97 0.29
 Sometimes 0.61 0.19, 1.96 0.97
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats vegetables as snack
 Never 2.78 0.65, 11.95 0.29
 Sometimes 2.02 0.63, 6.47 0.70
 Usually or always Ref
Parent eats fruit as snack
 Never 0.63 0.09, 4.33 0.90
 Sometimes 0.50 0.15, 1.66 0.41
 Usually or always Ref

Note: Ref=reference category. BA=Bachelor’s degree. HEI-2015=Healthy Eating Index, 2015 version. FV=fruit and vegetable. SSB=sugar-sweetened beverage. Statistically significant associations are highlighted in bold text.

Note: FV=fruit and vegetable. Ref=reference category. BA=Bachelor’s degree. SSB=sugar-sweetened beverage.

Note: SSB=sugar-sweetened beverage. BA=Bachelor’s degree. CI=confidence interval. Ref=reference category. Odds ratios with confidence intervals that exclude 1 are highlighted in bold text.