Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics, sleep variables, and mood variables among insomniacs using benzodiazepine group, drug-free insomniacs, and controls
| Insomniacs using benzodiazepine (a) |
Drug-free insomniacs (b) |
Controls (c) |
F | p | Post hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=29 | N=27 | N=28 | ||||
| Age (yr) | 68.03±8.38 | 64.89±6.94 | 64.56±6.48 | 1.972 | 0.146 | |
| Sex (female) | 19 (65.5) | 23 (85.2) | 20 (71.4) | 2.921 | 0.232 | |
| Epworth sleepiness scale | 5.52±3.59 | 6.74±3.43 | 7.89±4.92 | 2.466 | 0.091 | |
| Insomnia severity index | 11.66±7.13 | 18.11±5.13 | 4.89±4.98 | 27.718 | <0.001 | b>a>c |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 9.34±4.88 | 9.07±4.9 | 5.96±5.03 | 4.068 | 0.021 | a>c |
| Mild cognitive impairment diagnosis | 4 (13.8) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (7.1) | 0.938 | 0.626 | |
| Starting age of benzodiazepine use (yr) | 61.9±8.6 | - | - | - | - | |
| Duration of benzodiazepine exposure (yr) | 11.8 (0.54–30.24) | - | - | - | - | |
| Defined daily dose* | 0.72±0.52 | - | - | - | - |
Variables are presented as mean±standard deviation, N (%), or median (minimum-maximum).
*
when defined maximal dose is 1