Table 1.
Characteristics | LBC (N=383) |
Non-LBC (N=572) |
χ2 | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||||
Sex | 2.01 | 0.16 | |||||
Male | 194 | 50.65 | 263 | 45.98 | |||
Female | 189 | 49.35 | 309 | 54.02 | |||
Age group (yr) | 0.38 | 0.55 | |||||
6–11 | 114 | 29.77 | 181 | 31.64 | |||
12–16 | 269 | 70.23 | 391 | 68.36 | |||
Age (mean±SD, yr) | 12.86±2.77 | 12.62±2.49 | 1.40* | 0.16 | |||
Only child | 0.92 | 0.34 | |||||
Yes | 15 | 3.92 | 16 | 2.80 | |||
No | 368 | 96.08 | 556 | 97.20 | |||
Mother alive | 2.52 | 0.11 | |||||
Yes | 375 | 97.91 | 567 | 99.13 | |||
No | 8 | 2.09 | 5 | 0.87 | |||
Father’s education level | 0.27 | 0.60 | |||||
Junior high school or higher | 77 | 20.10 | 123 | 21.50 | |||
Primary school or lower | 306 | 79.90 | 449 | 78.50 | |||
Maternal education level | 0.30 | 0.58 | |||||
Junior high school or higher | 29 | 7.57 | 49 | 8.57 | |||
Primary school or lower | 354 | 92.43 | 523 | 91.43 | |||
Caregiver’s education level | 0.38 | 0.54 | |||||
Junior high school or higher | 76 | 19.84 | 123 | 21.50 | |||
Primary school or lower | 307 | 80.16 | 449 | 78.50 | |||
Academic performance | 3.86 | 0.15 | |||||
Good (average score>80) | 53 | 13.84 | 102 | 17.83 | |||
Moderate (average score=60–80) | 262 | 68.41 | 358 | 62.59 | |||
Poor (average score<60) | 68 | 17.75 | 112 | 19.58 | |||
Frequency of contact with teachers | 5.52 | 0.14 | |||||
At least once a week | 26 | 6.79 | 38 | 6.64 | |||
At least once a month | 47 | 12.27 | 92 | 16.08 | |||
>Once a month | 222 | 57.96 | 291 | 50.87 | |||
Never contact | 88 | 22.98 | 151 | 26.40 | |||
Father alive | 0.51 | 0.48 | |||||
Yes | 373 | 97.39 | 561 | 98.08 | |||
No | 10 | 2.61 | 11 | 1.92 | |||
Father’s occupation | 2.46 | 0.12 | |||||
Farmers | 233 | 60.84 | 470 | 76.92 | |||
Non-farmers | 150 | 39.16 | 102 | 23.18 | |||
Mother’s occupation | 3.43 | 0.06 | |||||
Farmers | 287 | 74.93 | 474 | 82.87 | |||
Not farmers | 96 | 25.07 | 98 | 17.13 | |||
Parents’ divorced | 0.35 | 0.56 | |||||
Yes | 16 | 4.18 | 20 | 3.50 | |||
No | 367 | 95.82 | 552 | 96.50 |
t-test. p values are from t-test (continuous variables).
LBC, left-behind children