Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics and 0–6 months preindex utilization and costs for CDI patients with and without sepsis.
| Died | Survived | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary CDI only | Any recurrent CDI* | Primary CDI only | Any recurrent CDI* | ||||||||||
| No sepsis | Sepsis | p value | No sepsis | Sepsis | p value | No sepsis | Sepsis | p value | No sepsis | Sepsis | p value | ||
| N = 74,804 | N = 84,093 | <0.0001 | N = 20,332 | N = 33,526 | <0.0001 | N = 135,636 | N = 51,360 | <0.0001 | N = 62,829 | N = 34,909 | <0.0001 | ||
| Age | Mean (SD) | 82.4 (8.5) | 80.7 (8.4) | <0.0001 | 81.8 (8.4) | 79.6 (8.2) | <0.0001 | 78.6 (8.0) | 78.0 (8.0) | <0.0001 | 78.3 (8.0) | 77.5 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | Female (%) | 63.7 | 59.9 | <0.0001 | 64.6 | 58.4 | <0.0001 | 70.8 | 64.0 | <0.0001 | 70.9 | 63.6 | <0.0001 |
| Race | White (%) | 86.5 | 79.7 | <0.0001 | 89.1 | 78.9 | <0.0001 | 88.4 | 82.3 | <0.0001 | 90.7 | 84.1 | <0.0001 |
| Black (%) | 9.2 | 14.0 | <0.0001 | 7.8 | 14.9 | <0.0001 | 7.8 | 11.7 | <0.0001 | 6.2 | 10.7 | <0.0001 | |
| Other | 4.2 | 6.3 | <0.0001 | 3.1 | 6.2 | <0.0001 | 3.8 | 6.0 | <0.0001 | 3.1 | 5.2 | <0.0001 | |
| Reason for entitlement | Age (%) | 84.6 | 80.2 | <0.0001 | 84.2 | 77.6 | <0.0001 | 82.5 | 76.2 | <0.0001 | 82.6 | 75.9 | <0.0001 |
| Disability and/or ESRD (%) | 15.4 | 19.8 | <0.0001 | 15.8 | 22.4 | <0.0001 | 17.5 | 23.8 | <0.0001 | 17.4 | 24.1 | <0.0001 | |
| Dual eligible for Medicaid (%) | 37.3 | 43.6 | <0.0001 | 38.6 | 48.0 | <0.0001 | 32.2 | 44.1 | <.0001 | 28.8 | 40.4 | <0.0001 | |
| Census region | Northeast (%) | 21.9 | 23.8 | <0.0001 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 0.0861 | 20.6 | 22.3 | <0.0001 | 21.6 | 22.5 | 0.0013 |
| Midwest (%) | 25.6 | 22.0 | <0.0001 | 27.8 | 23.5 | <0.0001 | 26.2 | 22.5 | <0.0001 | 28.7 | 25.0 | <0.0001 | |
| South (%) | 39.3 | 37.5 | <0.0001 | 37.9 | 37.2 | 0.1028 | 38.7 | 36.4 | <0.0001 | 35.5 | 34.9 | 0.0497 | |
| West (%) | 13.2 | 16.7 | <0.0001 | 12.0 | 16.4 | <0.0001 | 14.4 | 18.7 | <0.0001 | 14.1 | 17.6 | <0.0001 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 7.0 (3.6) | 7.3 (3.6) | <0.0001 | 6.8 (3.6) | 7.4 (3.6) | <0.0001 | 4.7 (3.3) | 6.0 (3.4) | <0.0001 | 4.7 (3.3) | 6.1 (3.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Inpatient hospitalization (%) | 70.7 | 74.7 | <0.0001 | 72.5 | 77.8 | <0.0001 | 50.4 | 62.6 | <0.0001 | 55.5 | 69.6 | <0.0001 | |
| ICU stay (%) | 31.4 | 37.5 | <0.0001 | 31.2 | 40.3 | <0.0001 | 19.2 | 29.0 | <0.0001 | 20.9 | 32.4 | <0.0001 | |
| Inpatient LOS days, mean (SD) | 7.5 (6.8) | 8.7 (8.5) | <0.0001 | 7.1 (6.6) | 8.7 (10.4) | <0.0001 | 6.6 (6.8) | 7.9 (8.6) | <0.00001 | 6.6 (6.8) | 7.8 (7.8) | <0.0001 | |
| Total cost $**, mean (SD) | $55,396 ($106,316) | $69,789 ($125,945) | <0.0001 | $56,713 ($105,311) | $76,055 ($136,611) | <0.0001 | $34,991 ($81,494) | $53,182 ($110,498) | <0.0001 | $39,737 ($90,503) | $60,644 ($118,211) | <0.0001 | |
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SD, standard deviation.
**
Inflation adjusted to 2018 $US. Includes all medical and pharmacy costs.
p Values were calculated using chi-square test for proportions and t test for means.