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Fig. 6. EDLC characteristics of five series-cells ITO/PVI–KOH/ITO planar MSC: (a) CV curves with various scan rates (b) Scan rate dependent volumetric capacitance (CV). (c) GCD profiles of the device at higher operating cell voltage of 5.0 V with different current densities. (d) Nyquist plots of the device under both pristine state and after all electrochemical studies. (e) Ragone plot comparison between single-cell and five series-cells planar MSC. (f) Charging behavior of device till 5.0 V with current density of 0.013 μA cm−2; the inset shows the photograph of a multimeter as load during discharging condition.