Table 4.
Joint effects of life satisfaction and income*† on counts of (1) hospitalisation or emergency department visits, or (2) outpatient visits for any mental health condition (N=131 809)
| Hospital or emergency department visit | |
| Satisfied and high income | Ref. |
| Satisfied and mid income | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.73) |
| Satisfied and low income | 2.93 (2.23 to 3.84) |
| Neither and high income | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.39) |
| Neither and mid income | 2.73 (1.71 to 4.35) |
| Neither and low income | 6.10 (3.20 to 11.61) |
| Dissatisfied and high income | 2.74 (1.54 to 4.86) |
| Dissatisfied and mid income | 4.39 (2.57 to 7.50) |
| Dissatisfied and low income | 5.33 (3.81 to 7.45) |
| Very dissatisfied and high income | 6.20 (3.62 to 10.64) |
| Very dissatisfied and mid income | 3.04 (1.70 to 5.43) |
| Very dissatisfied and low income | 11.25 (5.32 to 23.80) |
| Outpatient visit | |
| Satisfied and high income | Ref. |
| Satisfied and mid income | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.00) |
| Satisfied and low income | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) |
| Neither and high income | 1.73 (1.31 to 2.27) |
| Neither and mid income | 1.50 (1.23 to 1.83) |
| Neither and low income | 1.64 (1.32 to 2.04) |
| Dissatisfied and high income | 2.09 (1.55 to 2.82) |
| Dissatisfied and mid income | 1.94 (1.45 to 2.60) |
| Dissatisfied and low income | 2.51 (1.98 to 3.18) |
| Very dissatisfied and high income | 3.33 (1.65 to 6.70) |
| Very dissatisfied and mid income | 1.37 (1.03 to 1.83) |
| Very dissatisfied and low income | 1.84 (1.29 to 2.63) |
Source: pooled participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey surveyed from 2005 to 2014, linked to the Registered Persons Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database, the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System, the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, and the Ontario Health Insurance Plan billings databases.
*Fully adjusted rate ratios from Poisson regressions (with balanced repeated replication to produce 95% CIs) for a count of the number of (1) hospitalisation or emergency department visits, or (2) outpatient visits for any mental health condition, per person-days of follow-up for up to 5 years following interview.
†Fully adjusted model includes age, sex, survey cycle, immigrant status, household income, having had any mental health visit in the 3 years prior to survey interview, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level and body mass index.