Fig. 2.

Ginsenoside Rg3 improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in mice with chronic heart failure induced by TAC. (A)Ultrastructural analysis of mitochondrial integrity by transmission electron microscopy(n＝3 each group). (B)Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and Mitotracker double staining were performed to detect mitochondrial inner membrane permeability in isolated myocardial cells(n＝3-4 each group). (C–F)Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in mitochondria isolated from the hearts of various groups was measured with a Seahorse metabolic analyzer, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and maximal mitochondrial respiration rates were then quantified. (G)Representative western immunoblots for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes(n＝3 each group). (H-L)Bar graph showing corresponding quantitative data for western blotting(n＝3 each group). #P＜0.05 vs sham, ##P＜0.01 vs sham; ∗P＜0.05 vs model, ∗∗P＜0.01 vs model.