Fig. 1.

Melt electrowriting (MEW) setup to fabricate fibrous scaffolds of distinct fiber configuration and highly-ordered architectures. Representative SEM images of the various MEW PCL scaffolds show melt electrowritten polymeric (i.e., poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with tissue-specific attributes such as fiber morphology (random vs. aligned) and highly-ordered (0°/90° crosshatch pattern) architecture with distinct strand spacings (small 250 μm and large 500 μm). Overall, the as-produced scaffolds display fiber diameters (in μm) ranging from 2.3 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.2, 2.6 ± 0.3 and 4.2 ± 0.7 and porosity of 52.9%, 91.7%, 85.5 and 30.9% in aligned, large and small strand spacing to randomly-deposited fibers, respectively.