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. 2022 Jan 24:1–18. [Article in Spanish] doi: 10.1159/000521507

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Copyright © 2022 by S. Karger AG, Basel

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Usage, derivative works and distribution are permitted provided that proper credit is given to the author and the original publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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Fig. 5 — Descripción esquemática de las respuestas inmunitarias en los casos asintomáticos, ligeramente sintomáticos y graves de COVID-19. La invasión del SARS-CoV-2 mediada por el receptor de entrada a la célula huésped y las proteasas asociadas con la entrada conduce a la activación de la respuesta inmunitaria innata y al reclutamiento de células inmunitarias circulantes en el epitelio pulmonar. Además, la respuesta inmunológica es diferente en casos asintomáticos/ligeramente sintomáticos y graves de pacientes con COVID-19: (a) en los casos asintomáticos y levemente sintomáticos, una activación óptima de la respuesta inmunitaria adaptativa humoral y mediada por células T conduce a la curación de los pacientes; (b) en los casos graves, se observa una respuesta inmunitaria innata hiperactiva que conduce a una tormenta de citocinas y, en consecuencia, a la muerte de las células T y a una respuesta humoral mediada por células B retrasada o suprimida, que da lugar a resultados muy desfavorables para los pacientes.