Fig. 3. (a) DOX release from GNR@HPMO@PVMSN–DOX at pH 7.4 and 5.0 at 37 °C, and (b) NIR-triggered release of DOX from GNR@HPMO@PVMSN–DOX at pH 7.4 and 5.0, which were irradiated with an 808 nm NIR laser (1.6 W cm⁻²) for 5 min at different time points; (c and d) cell viability of 7721 cells treated by DOX with different concentrations, and treated by GNR@HPMO@PVMSN and GNR@HPMO@PVMSN–DOX with or without 808 nm NIR irradiation (1.25 W cm⁻²) for 3 min.