Table 2.
Distribution of micronutrient dietary intakes based on the categories of density DII* (n = 535)
| Density DII category** | Total | P-value *** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| DII > 0.4 | DII ≥ 0.4 | |||
| Vitamin A (RAE/d) | 922.4 ± 2540 | 787.3 ± 1763 | 813.6 ± 1937 | 0.524 |
| Beta-carotene (mg/d) | 3004 ± 3037 | 2441 ± 1447 | 2550 ± 1875 | < 0.001 |
| Lutein (mg/d) | 1186 ± 1403 | 956.5 ± 460.1 | 1001 ± 747.3 | < 0.001 |
| Lycopene (mg/d) | 4499 ± 5796 | 4609 ± 4996 | 4588 ± 5156 | 0.845 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 80.0 ± 74.8 | 72.3 ± 43.6 | 73.8 ± 51.2 | 0.176 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 783.5 ± 383.4 | 784.1 ± 239.9 | 783.9 ± 273.3 | 0.986 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 16.9 ± 6.7 | 16.2 ± 3.8 | 16.3 ± 4.6 | 0.154 |
| Vitamin D (µg/d) | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 1.9 | 0.249 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 31.7 ± 22.2 | 36.2 ± 16.9 | 35.3 ± 18.1 | 0.022 |
| Thiamin (mg/d) | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.634 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.211 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 27.0 ± 14.3 | 26.2 ± 8.4 | 26.4 ± 9.8 | 0.441 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.228 |
| Folate (µg/d) | 465.8 ± 184.8 | 475.4 ± 114.9 | 473.5 ± 131.3 | 0.503 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/d) | 9.3 ± 25.9 | 8.3 ± 18.0 | 8.5 ± 19.8 | 0.663 |
| Biotin (mg/day) | 24.4 ± 16.5 | 25.7 ± 10.2 | 25.5 ± 11.7 | 0.299 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg/d) | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 0.264 |
| Vitamin K (µg/d) | 166.7 ± 271.1 | 143.3 ± 116.3 | 147.8 ± 158.6 | 0.176 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 334.2 ± 146.4 | 316.9 ± 78.4 | 320.2 ± 95.6 | 0.098 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 13.9 ± 7.4 | 13.5 ± 4.2 | 13.6 ± 5.0 | 0.469 |
| Selenium (µg/d) | 124.2 ± 77.8 | 122.4 ± 44.7 | 122.7 ± 52.7 | 0.752 |
*DII, adjusted for energy
**Categorized based on the median
***Independent sample t-test was used for mean comparison
DII Dietary inflammatory index, RAE Retinol activity equivalents