Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of baseline and follow-up variables
| Variables | 1994 (N1 = 206) | 2015 (N2 = 206) | P-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Male PwSs (n = 82) | Female PwSs (n = 124) | Total | Male PwSs (n = 82) | Female PwSs (n = 124) | ||
| Patient characteristics | |||||||
| Age, mean (s.d.) | 39.74 (11.96) | 36.06 (11.81) | 42.18 (11.48) | 60.77 (12.00) | 57.35 (11.88) | 63.03 (11.58) | P < 0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||||
| Unmarried | 32 (15.5) | 24 (11.7) | 8 (3.9) | 20 (9.7) | 19 (9.2) | 1 (0.5) | P < 0.001 |
| Married | 161 (78.2) | 52 (25.2) | 109 (52.9) | 139 (67.5) | 44 (21.4) | 95 (46.1) | |
| Divorced | 6 (2.9) | 4 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) | 13 (6.3) | 10 (4.9) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Widowed | 5 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.4) | 32 (15.5) | 9 (4.4) | 23 (11.2) | |
| Other | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||||
| No formal education or unknown | 55 (26.7) | 15 (7.3) | 40 (19.4) | 57 (27.7) | 15 (7.3) | 42 (20.4) | P < 0.001 |
| Primary school | 87 (42.2) | 40 (19.4) | 47 (22.8) | 94 (45.6) | 43 (20.9) | 51 (24.8) | |
| Middle school | 58 (28.2) | 23 (11.2) | 35 (17.0) | 45 (21.8) | 20 (9.7) | 25 (12.1) | |
| High school and above | 6 (2.9) | 4 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) | 10 (4.9) | 4 (1.9) | 6 (2.9) | |
| Duration of schizophrenia, mean (s.d.) | 10.50 (9.96) | 9.15 (9.02) | 11.4 (10.47) | 29.91 (11.23) | 29.23 (10.75) | 30.35 (11.55) | P < 0.001 |
| Family characteristics | |||||||
| Caregiver's age, mean (s.d.) | 45.71 (12.13) | 45.54 (14.83) | 45.81 (10.02) | 57.23 (10.15) | 56.95 (9.95) | 57.42 (10.31) | P < 0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
| Male | 133 (64.6) | 23 (11.2) | 110 (53.4) | 162 (78.6) | 58 (28.2) | 104 (50.5) | 0.226 |
| Female | 73 (35.4) | 59 (28.6) | 14 (6.8) | 44 (21.4) | 24 (11.7) | 20 (9.7) | |
| Caregiver's relationship to the patient, n (%) | |||||||
| Parent | 40 (19.4) | 29 (14.1) | 11 (5.3) | 25 (12.1) | 20 (9.7) | 5 (2.4) | P < 0.001 |
| Spouse | 123 (59.7) | 38 (18.4) | 85 (41.3) | 130 (63.1) | 38 (18.4) | 92 (44.7) | |
| Adult child | 12 (5.8) | 4 (1.9) | 8 (3.9) | 47 (22.8) | 20 (9.7) | 27 (13.1) | |
| Sibling | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Othersb | 31 (15.0) | 11 (5.3) | 20 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Family size, median (IQR) | 3.51 (0.50) | 3.00 (0.50) | 3.51 (0.50) | 3.00 (0.50) | 3.00 (0.50) | 3.00 (0.50) | P < 0.01 |
| Family income per year (RMB), median (IQR) | 1000 (283.04) | 1000 (195.54) | 1095.54 (100) | 23666.67 (12075) | 24172.43 (8100) | 24172.43 (2836.22) | P < 0.001 |
| Family caregiving burden, n (%)c | |||||||
| Level 1: none to mild (0–4) | − | − | − | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | − |
| Level 2: moderate (5–14) | − | − | − | 52 (25.2) | 20 (9.7) | 32 (15.5) | |
| Level 3: severe to very severe (15–30) | − | − | − | 153 (74.3) | 62 (30.1) | 91 (44.2) | |
PwS, person with schizophrenia.
a.
To compare the variables between 1994 and 2015, paired-sample t-tests were used for between-group differences of continuous variables; χ2-tests were used for between-group differences of categorical variables.
b.
Others = other relatives, no caregiver, or unknown.
c.
Data regarding caregiving burden were not collected in 1994.