Table 3.

Comparison of clinical behaviour scores at baseline and after the ‘Treatment Guideline II: Major Depressive Disorder’ programme

		Baseline		One year later		Two years later		Statisticsa
		Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	H	P-value
D1	Diagnosing depression, including the classification of the severity, based on the DSM-5	46.2	±25.3	65.7b	±22.8	65.2c	±21.1	116.36	5.4 × 10−26
D2	In diagnosis, assessing information from any person other than the patient and functional impairments before the onset	55.4	±22.6	69.8b	±18.8	67.6c	±20.2	79.14	6.5 × 10−18
D3	Focusing on empathic or supportive care and performing fundamental interventions such as psychological education first	61.5	±22.6	73.4b	±18.8	75.8c	±18.1	73.62	1.0 × 10−16
D4	When the treatment does not work well, reassessing the diagnosis, pharmacotherapy and environmental management	58.2	±22.4	72.7b	±18.5	74.6c	±16.9	101.99	7.1 × 10−23
D5	For mild depression, adding cognitive–behavioural therapy and new-generation antidepressants to fundamental intervention if necessary	50.0	±22.6	66.7b	±20.1	70.0c	±21.0	120.00	8.7 × 10−27
D6	For moderate/severe depression, using antidepressant monotherapy with adequate doses and timing and considering modified electroconvulsive therapy if necessary	58.7	±23.5	71.1b	±20.3	73.6c	±19.8	69.70	7.3 × 10−16
D7	For moderate/severe depression, if antidepressants are effective but not enough, treating with lithium or antipsychotics or T3/T4 as augmentation therapy	51.6	±25.1	64.6b	±24.2	69.8c	±22.0	67.84	1.9 × 10−15
D8	Refraining from using long-term administration of anxiolytics	36.4	±22.0	50.2b	±24.4	54.3c	±23.0	81.05	2.5 × 10−18
D9	Refraining from using long-term administration of hypnotics	30.9	±21.0	44.4b	±23.3	48.9c	±23.8	87.01	1.3 × 10−19
D10	For psychotic depression, using a combination of antidepressants and antipsychotics	57.9	±25.3	71.2b	±20.3	74.0c	±17.1	62.49	2.7 × 10−14
D11	For psychotic depression, using modified electroconvulsive therapy	50.2	±25.5	63.7b	±23.8	64.7c	±23.5	42.44	6.1 × 10−10
D12	For depression in children and adolescents, providing environmental management, psychological education, supportive intervention and family support before pharmacotherapy	54.9	±25.5	68.6b	±22.1	71.4c	±20.2	52.48	4.0 × 10−12
D13	For sleep disorders, considering differential diagnosis of primary sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome first	45.6	±25.2	60.4b	±24.9	63.4c	±23.4	74.39	7.0 × 10−17
D14	For sleep disorders, providing sleep hygiene instructions before pharmacotherapy	51.2	±24.8	68.4b	±22.6	72.1c	±19.7	112.55	3.6 × 10−25

The complete questions are noted in Supplementary Table 3. An intermediate value was used as the representative value for each of the five achievement levels: 0–20, 21–40, 41–60, 61–80 and 81–100. The scores ranged from 10 to 90.

^a.The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test did not indicate normal distribution of the clinical behaviour scores at baseline or 1 or 2 years after the programme. The significance level was set at <0.05.

^b.The mean scores of clinical behaviours increased significantly 1 year after attending the programme compared with baseline.

^c.The mean scores of clinical behaviours increased significantly 2 years after attending the programme compared with baseline.