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. 2022 Apr 19;8(3):e86. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.48

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© The Author(s) 2022

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — Proposed model of the effects of external locus of control (LOC), perfectionism and low self-esteem on the development of insomnia, anxiety and depression. Based on existing models of insomnia.^13,21