Table 5.

Multivariable linear regression predicting associations between psychological risk factors measured at entry to university and symptoms of anxiety measured at completion of first year^a

GAD-7	Cohort 1b (2018–2019)					Cohort 2c (2019–2020)
	ΔR2	β	s.e. β	Standardised β	P-value	ΔR2	β	s.e. β	Standardised β	P-value
Control variables	0.32					0.42
Constant		0.86	0.11		<0.001		0.90	0.12		<0.001
Female		0.24	0.06	0.09*	<0.001		0.22	0.07	0.09*	<0.01
Lifetime anxiety disorderd		0.37	0.07	0.11*	<0.001		0.39	0.08	0.14*	<0.001
Baseline anxietye		0.52	0.02	0.49	<0.001		0.53	0.03	0.55*	<0.001
Adjusted model	0.04					0.04
Constant		1.40	0.25		<0.001		0.27	0.30		0.37
Female		0.21	0.06	0.08*	<0.001		0.18	0.07	0.07*	0.01
Lifetime anxiety disorderd		0.25	0.07	0.08*	<0.001		0.30	0.07	0.11*	<0.001
Baseline anxietye		0.35	0.03	0.33	<0.001		0.37	0.03	0.38*	<0.001
Locus of control
Internalf		−0.01	0.01	−0.01	0.63		–	–	–	–
Externalf		0.02	0.01	0.08*	<0.01		–	–	–	–
Perfectionism
Personal standardsg		–	–	–	–		0.04	0.01	0.10*	<0.001
Evaluative concernsg		–	–	–	–		0.04	0.02	0.09*	0.01
Self-esteemh		−0.03	0.01	−0.11*	<0.001		−0.01	0.01	−0.07	0.06
Baseline insomniai		0.03	<0.01	0.16*	<0.001		0.02	<0.01	0.14*	<0.001
Adjusted R2 for final model	0.37					0.46

GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7.

^a.Continuous value measured by the GAD-7 at follow-up, then square-root adjusted.

^b.P < 0.05.

^c.Student-reported at entry to university.

^d.Measured by the GAD-7 at entry.

^e.Measured by the German Socio-Economic Panel locus of control subscale at entry. No data available for Cohort 2.

^f.Measured by the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire subscale at entry. No data available for Cohort 1.

^g.Measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at entry.

^h.Measured by the Sleep Condition Indicator, reverse-coded at entry.

^i.P < 0.05.