Characteristics of the CDs produced according to the various protocols.
| Sample | Protocol | Yielda (%) | Sizeb (nm) | ζ (mV) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLS | TEM | ||||
| CD1 | A1 | 11 | 241.4 ± 38.6 | 14.1 | +22.5 ± 4.7 |
| CD2 | A2 | 3 | 20.7 ± 2.1 | 15.6 | +32.0 ± 3.7 |
| CD3 | B1 | 66 | 11.4 ± 1.5 | 14.1 | +37.5 ± 2.1 |
| CD4 | B2 | 43 | 10.8 ± 0.6 | 13.2 | +40.7 ± 1.8 |
| CD5 | B3 | 65 | 12.2 ± 0.8 | 16.9 | +37.6 ± 2.6 |
| CD6 | B4 | 13 | 15.3 ± 1.0 | 14.2 | +26.8 ± 2.6 |
| CD7 | C | 4 | 29.4 ± 3.3 | 16.5 | +26.7 ± 1.0 |
| CD8 | D1 | 42 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 16.2 | +28.7 ± 1.5 |
| CD9 | D2 | 50 | 20.3 ± 0.7 | 18.9 | +27.3 ± 2.4 |
| CD10 | D3 | 40 | 11.0 ± 0.2 | 15.2 | +27.3 ± 1.5 |
| CD11 | E | 31 | 20.6 ± 3.6 | 9.3 | +33.3 ± 1.8 |
a
Calculated as the ratio of the amount of isolated CDs to that of starting material (citric acid and bPEI600).
b
As determined by DLS or TEM.