Table 5.

Participants’ quotes regarding their experience in the orchestra projects based on the 4-ons

Themes	4-Ons				Descriptions and example statements
	Hands	Hearts	Social	Minds
Hands-on with Hearts-on	✓	✓			The hands-on making activity enabled learners to connect to real-life experiences that strengthened their motivation, interest, connection to the world, and sense of ownership “Creating these instruments out of everyday materials provided me with a sense of ownership and comfort that I perhaps would not have had if I just looked at a picture of one.” “Making the instruments from cardboard made it much more fun and interactive.”
Hands-on with Social-on	✓		✓		Completing a collective performance by creating individual pieces was a pleasant experience, which confirms that hands-on and social-on learning leads to positive emotions “I have never been able to carry a tune or read music, but learning how to code beats, measures, rests, and notes on Scratch and through Makey Makey has made me feel like there is a part of the musical realm that I can be a part of.” “Being able to independently code our sheet music for a collective performance piece was a pleasant revelation.”
Hands-on with Minds-on	✓			✓	The hands-on making project promoted minds-on learning in making the musical instruments, reading music notes, creating Makey Makey, and coding “I felt that I could gain an understanding while having fun and being innovative.” “Scratch allows students to express what they have learned through coding a specific song or verse in a safe and fun way. Incorporating technology and art into a lesson allows a larger group of students to engage in the lesson and express their understanding.”
Hearts-on with Social-on		✓	✓		In the combination of the social-on and hearts-on experiences, learners acknowledged that the group collaboration created less stressful and more positive environments than when working individually “Working on this project in class as a group created a less stressful environment compared to trying to do this on my own.” “Communicating with others about what you’re doing or what worked and didn’t work allows us to reflect and imagine again which keeps the creative learning spiral moving forward.”
Hearts-on with Minds-on		✓		✓	Learners actively participated in mindful learning experiences with improved motivation, engagement, positive emotions, and comfort “I felt that I could gain an understanding while having fun and being innovative.” “Scratch allows students to express what they have learned through coding a specific song or verse in a safe and fun way. Incorporating technology and art into a lesson allows a larger group of students to engage in the lesson and express their understanding.”
Social-on with Minds-on			✓	✓	Learners were deeply engaged in the project while working collaboratively with peers in Zoom breakout rooms and working toward the shared team goal to complete the collective performance “When two students are assigned the same instrument, creativity really beams through. Seeing what visions were the same and what were interpreted differently.” “In a breakout room on Zoom with a task of two people coding the same long musical piece, my partner and I decided to split the lines of music, share our codes with each other, and then copy the codes we were missing by dragging the blocks into our backpacks and dragging it into our own codes. It worked really well working with my partner on Zoom.”